{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T05:10:03Z","timestamp":1751346603077,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bats are the sole group of mammals capable of flight, classified into Microchiroptera and Megachiroptera. This investigation aimed to study the morphology, anatomy, and histology of the Microchiropterans <jats:italic>R. hardwickii<\/jats:italic> brain at young and adult stages. Twelve adult and young bats were used. The gross anatomical aspects were examined. Brain tissue sections were prepared and stained using H&amp;E, Nissl, toluidine blue, and immunohistochemically using GFAP antibody. The brain's dorsal view was pear\u2010shaped, divided into forebrain (cerebrum), midbrain (is the most rostral part of the brainstem; pons and medulla oblongata), and hindbrain (cerebellum). A small, poorly developed olfactory bulb was observed. The cerebrum had a smooth surface with limited convolutions and depressions; it was divided into two hemispheres aligned along a median interhemispheric fissure. The pineal gland was distinctly visible. The optic lobes were prominent, rounded, and broad, appearing laterally on the midbrain. The hippocampus appeared as a dorso\u2010medial protrusion separated by the lateral ventricle from the brain; it was well\u2010developed in adult more than in young bats. The cerebellum was well\u2010developed, partitioned into folds, and separated from the cerebrum by a slight transverse fissure. Histologically, a diminutive cerebral cortex was observed to have various types of neurons, including pyramidal, pyramidal\u2010like, and multipolar. Hippocampal neurons were more extensive and lacked discrete layers. A comparatively more significant number of neurons was found in the cerebellum than in the cerebral cortex and other brain parts. All these previous characteristic features and neurological processes required for the generation and comprehension of vocalizations employed in echolocation of the Microchiropterans. Also, the findings of this study clarified notable neurological characteristics linked to the evolutionary connections and relationships of chiropterans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T09:29:46Z","timestamp":1749634186000},"page":"784-808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neuroanatomical Comparison of the Brain in Young and Adult Lesser Mouse\u2010Tailed Bat, <i>Rhinopoma hardwickii<\/i> (Gray, 1831)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"343","author":[{"given":"Eman E.","family":"El\u2010Nahass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atteyat","family":"Selim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2207-7101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omnia","family":"Shahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Morphological and Histological Study of the Cerebrum in a Nocturnal Bird Species (Barn Owl) Tyto alba","volume":"25","author":"Abd\u2010Alrahman S. A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ibn al\u2010Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061792"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1426372"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33762\/bvetr.2013.83674"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21123\/bsj.2018.15.2.0138"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5549638"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.19959.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000455"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/fv-2023-0020"},{"volume-title":"Manual of Histological Techniques and Their Diagnostic Application","year":"1994","author":"Bancroft J. D.","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Comparative Neurobiologyin Chiroptera: Macromorphology, Brain Structures, Tables and Atlases","author":"Baron G.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"533","article-title":"Comparative Neurobiologyin Chiroptera: Brain Characteristics in Taxonomic Units","volume":"2","author":"Baron G.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Basel: Bir\u2010khauser Verlag"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"1075","volume-title":"Basel: Birkhauser Verlag","author":"Baron G.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35016580"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1995.0076"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"258","volume-title":"Bats of the Indian Sub\u2010Continent","author":"Bates P. J. J.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","unstructured":"Baumel J. J. andL. M.Witmer.1993. \u201cOsteologia. In: Handbook of Avian Anatomy: Nomina Anatomica Avium. 2nd Edition.\u201dPublications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 23. Nuttall Ornithological Club Cambridge Massachusetts edited byJ. J.Baumel A. S.King J. E.Breazile H. E.Evans andJ. C.Vanden Berge 45\u2013132."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1307444110"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02541858.1988.11448077"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1519-69842008000300017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105700"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10081"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185x.2008.00067.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993-016-0111-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1978.tb04627.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.01053"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19080\/APBIJ.2017.02.555579"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7777856"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","first-page":"807","article-title":"Comparative Anatomy of Chordates, 2nd Ed","volume":"1","author":"Gali M. A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dar Al\u2010Doctor the administrative and economic Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2016.507-511"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(96)12592-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24985"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000239959.91190.c8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000065938"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(85)90045-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2006.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2006.0538"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000093530"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000096987"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000047228"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35124\/bca.2020.20.1.2655"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/421334"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1464793101005899"},{"volume-title":"Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution","year":"2012","author":"Kardong K. V.","key":"e_1_2_12_45_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.4.1388"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpev.1998.0561"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx251"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2020.151503"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10914-020-09522-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.22.10322"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejh.2021.71825.1459"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frym.2017.00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050116"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","first-page":"536","volume-title":"Bat ecology","author":"Patterson B. D.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/vet-0806-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z70-075"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-3421-7_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-020-02138-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.129821"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2005.0333"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127748"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12566"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22146\/jsv.6530"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Theory and Practice of Histotechnology","volume":"2","author":"Sheehan D. C.","year":"1980","journal-title":"St. Louis: C.V. Mosby"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1055-7903(92)90026-d"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Cytoarchitectonic Organization and Morphology of the Cells of Hippocampal Complex in Strawberry Finch, Estrilda Amandava","volume":"53","author":"Srivastava U. C.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy\u2010le\u2010Grand, France)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO9810653"},{"volume-title":"Principles of Brain Evolution","year":"2004","author":"Striedter G. F.","key":"e_1_2_12_70_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.08.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Comparative Histometrical Study of the Cerebellum and the Determination of Some Agnor Parameters in Different Avian Species","volume":"55","author":"Sur E.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy"},{"volume-title":"Bancroft's Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques","year":"2019","author":"Suvarna S. K.","key":"e_1_2_12_73_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35003188"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2000493"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004290050017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35055547"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003600050126"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jez.2931","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T04:40:37Z","timestamp":1751344837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jez.2931"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jez.2931"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jez.2931","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2471-5638","2471-5646"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2471-5638"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2471-5646"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}