{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:09:44Z","timestamp":1760954984472},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,9]],"date-time":"2007-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Exp. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although neuroendocrine\u2010immune system interaction has been shown in teleost fish, no study has evaluated the role of melatonin (Mel) on fish immune response even considering that it is affected by the photoperiod. Gilthead seabream (<jats:italic>Sparus aurata L.<\/jats:italic>) and sea bass (<jats:italic>Dicentrarchus labrax L.<\/jats:italic>) head\u2010kidney leucocytes were incubated with Mel (0\u2010control\u2010, 20\u2009pM\u2013400\u2009\u00b5M) and leucocyte viability and main innate cellular immune parameters were evaluated. Overall, seabream and sea bass head\u2010kidney leucocytes incubated with low (similar to physiological) doses of Mel unchanged the innate immune response, whereas very high (pharmacological) dosages did. Phagocytosis was not affected by any Mel treatment while the peroxidase activity was significantly inhibited with the highest Mel concentration. In contrast, the sea bass respiratory burst activity was increased in a dose\u2010dependent manner with 400\u2009nM Mel or higher. Further studies are needed to clarify whether there are interactions between the fish pineal gland, and its hormone Mel, and the fish immune system. <jats:italic>J. Exp. 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