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In contrast, Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> in conjunction with osmolality was found to inhibit motility of intact bluegill sperm. Consistent with seminal plasma composition, 0.16\u2009mmol\/L Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> and greater, in conjunction with an osmotic concentration of 290\u2009mOsm\/kg, inhibited the onset of bluegill sperm motility; sperm diluted in saline at 290\u2009mOsm\/kg without Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> became motile. Cations Mn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> and Sr<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, in conjunction with osmolality, had an inhibitory effect on initiation of sperm motility similar to that of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>. Sperm motility was inhibited by Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channel blockers nimodipine and nifedipine, the mitochondrial Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> uniporter inhibitor ruthenium red and the calmodulin inhibitors W\u20107 and trifluoperazine dihydrochloride. These results provide evidence that elevated cytoplasmic Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> inhibits sperm motility and yet low levels permit or promote motility. This study demonstrates a unique inhibitory action of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> on the motility of intact fish sperm at physiologically relevant levels. <jats:italic>J. Exp. Zool. 307A:590\u2013599, 2007<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,27]],"date-time":"2007-08-27T15:48:53Z","timestamp":1188229733000},"page":"590-599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Calcium\u2010induced quiescence of sperm motility in the bluegill (<i>Lepomis macrochirus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"307A","author":[{"given":"Micah D.","family":"Zuccarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf 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