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Thus, a reduction in both physiological and morphological digestive capacities is expected due to the prolonged metabolic depression of hibernation, which involves phenotypic flexibility of the digestive system at several levels. We studied <jats:italic>Dromiciops gliroides<\/jats:italic> a heterothermic marsupial endemic of the temperate rainforests of southern South America, by comparing the morphology and physiology of the small intestine between summer (active) and winter (hibernation) seasons. We collected individuals near Valdivia (Chile) in winter (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) and summer (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097) using Tomahawk traps, for extracting small intestines, which were then processed for routine histology and biochemistry analysis. We measured disaccharidase activities (sucrase and maltase) as indicators of carbohydrate digestive capacity and N\u2010aminopeptidase activity as an indicator of protein digestion. Our result showed a 32%\u201344% reduction in disaccharidase activity and 60% reduction in protease activity in torpid animals. Additionally, aminopeptidase\u2010N activity decreased along the proximal\u2010to\u2010distal intestinal axis. In contrast, small intestine weight and villi length remained unchanged between seasons. These findings suggest that gut remodeling occurs in response to seasonal energetic demands, with greater biochemical\u00a0changes than morphological ones, possibly reflecting the high energetic costs associated with intestinal shrinking and regrowth after hibernation. We conclude that hibernation triggers gut remodeling and phenotypic flexibility in the digestive systems of <jats:italic>D. gliroides<\/jats:italic>, representing a crucial mechanism for coping with seasonal environmental conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.70012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T13:14:00Z","timestamp":1752066840000},"page":"933-939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Seasonal Changes and Phenotypic Flexibility in the Digestive System of the Hibernating Marsupial <i>Dromiciops gliroides<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"343","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6609-9969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Sabat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Ecolo\u0301gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Millenium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi) Valdivia Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Navarrete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Ecolo\u0301gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8525-1891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"del Basto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Ecolo\u0301gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Millenium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi) Valdivia Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis M.","family":"Flores\u2010Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, sede Patagonia Puerto Montt Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto F.","family":"Nespolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Millenium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi) Valdivia Chile"},{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-023-05452-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S002209302204010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00181.2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","article-title":"Rapid and Parallel Changes in Activity and mRNA of Intestinal Peptidase to Match Altered Dietary Protein Levels in Juvenile House Sparrows (Passer domesticus)","volume":"224","author":"Brun A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16291"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1990.259.2.R385"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071816-064740"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(83)80161-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2011.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365518409161400"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Evolutionary Design of Intestinal Nutrient Absorption: Enough but not too Much","volume":"6","author":"Diamond J. 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