{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T07:09:01Z","timestamp":1783840141219,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The current work compared the integumentary architecture and feather microbiomes among three avian species inhabiting different ecological niches: the aerial laughing dove (\n                    <jats:italic>Spilopelia senegalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), the terrestrial quail (\n                    <jats:italic>Coturnix coturnix<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and the semi\u2010aquatic Muscovy duck (\n                    <jats:italic>Cairina moschata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Histological, histochemical, and microbial analyses revealed clear interspecific variations that appear to be associatedwith the distinct lifestyles of the examined species. The laughing dove exhibited the thinnest skin, numerous Herbst corpuscles, and a pigmented epidermis, features related to the aerial mode of life and serving to mitigate the frequent exposure to sunlight. in contrast, the quail showed moderately thick epidermis, non\u2010pigmented skin, and less pronounced dispersal of mechanoreceptors, reflecting its tendency toward the ground\u2010dwelling lifestyle. While the Muscovy duck possessed the thickest skin, characterized by the highest microbial load, which aligns with its semi\u2010aquatic habitat and frequent water contact. Furthermore, the preen secretions of the laughing dove exhibited strong antimicrobial potency, while those of the Muscovy duck were functionally engaged in waterproofing rather than microbial combating. Collectively, these findings highlight how skin architecture and microbial populations modulate in response to the environmental challenges, such as ecological demands and the surrounding microenvironment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.70106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T04:36:18Z","timestamp":1781152578000},"page":"735-748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adaptive Features of the Avian Integument: A Comparative Study of the Laughing Dove, Quail, Muscovy Duck, With Emphasis on the Preen Gland Secretions and Associated Microbial Communities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"345","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8646-9253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diaa","family":"Massoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science Jouf University Sakaka Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Atallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science Jouf University Sakaka Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawabi","family":"Mujib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science Jouf University Sakaka Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouq","family":"Q. Alturman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science Jouf University Sakaka Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulelah N.","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science Jouf University Sakaka Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulaiman Ali","family":"Alsaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science Jouf University Sakaka Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma I. Abo","family":"El\u2010Ela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Beni\u2010Suef University Beni\u2010Suef Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M. 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