{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T07:08:59Z","timestamp":1783840139213,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The hepatotherapeutic agents from plants have become more predominant around the world. Evening primrose oil (EPO) is a popular alternative treatment that contains several phytoconstituents with strong anti\u2010inflammatory and anti\u2010oxidant properties. The current work inspected the potential protective effect of EPO against carbon tetrachloride (CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    )\u2010induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Twenty\u2010four adult male albino Wistar rats were divided into 4 equal groups: group I received the vehicle only (control rats), group II was treated with EPO at 300\u2009mg\/kg\/day, group III was treated with CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    at 1\u2009mL\/kg, twice a week, and group IV was treated with EPO at 300\u2009mg\/kg\/day, followed 60\u2009min later by CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    1\u2009mL\/kg, twice a week. All regimens were oral and for 4 weeks. At the end of the work, we assessed body\u2010weight gain, liver functional markers, hepatic histological examination, quantitative histochemistry, and immunohistochemical profiling of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1). Gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) analysis was used to detect the fatty acid composition of EPO. CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    administration revealed a significant increase in serum liver functions, a disrupted oxidant\/antioxidant status, hepatic histological changes, and an increase in H\u2010score of TNF\u2010\u03b1 immunoexpression. Inversely, EPO pretreatment attenuated all toxic insults of CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    . GC\u2010MS showed that linoleic acid and its ethyl ester are the most prevalent components in EPO. Our findings showed that EPO could be a potential hepatoprotective agent that can be used in the future to prevent liver injury. Furthermore, the dominant compounds identified in this sample that may have the potential protective effects are fatty acids and their ethyl esters, such as linoleic acid and its ethyl ester.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.70112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:01:16Z","timestamp":1782273676000},"page":"795-810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evening Primrose Oil Attenuates Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Albino Rats Via Improvement of Oxidative Stress and TNF\u2010\u03b1: Protective Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"345","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3888-7503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faten Sabra","family":"Abo\u2010Zeid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim Samy","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamel Mahmoud","family":"kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST) Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghda Abdelsalam Nagaty","family":"Handay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Department Research institute of Ophthalmology  Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Kamal Zaki","family":"Elywa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute Cairo University  Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Medhat Mansour","family":"Menshawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST) Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","article-title":"High\u2010Dose Aluminium Chloride Exposure Disrupts the Renal Cortical Injury\u2013Repair Balance in Rats: Partial Modulation by L\u2010Carnitine Pretreatment","volume":"16","author":"Abo\u2010Zeid F. 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