{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:39:14Z","timestamp":1792651154364,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt A"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Aerobic capacity reflects pulmonary ventilation, oxygen transport, cardiovascular performance, skeletal\u2010muscle perfusion, and mitochondrial oxygen utilization. In rodents, V\u0307O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      max, V\u0307O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      peak, running speed, time to exhaustion, critical speed, lactate\u2010derived thresholds, and voluntary activity are often grouped as aerobic capacity despite representing distinct constructs. This review aims to critically examine the physiological foundations, experimental modalities, outcome measures, methodological determinants, and translational challenges of aerobic\u2010capacity assessment in rats and mice. A structured search of PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus was conducted from database inception to August 6, 2026. Studies addressing aerobic and endurance capacity, oxygen uptake, exercise performance, treadmill running, voluntary wheel running, swimming, indirect calorimetry, and methodological issues were synthesized narratively. Directly measured V\u0307O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      max, or V\u0307O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      peak when maximal criteria are not fulfilled, provides the strongest index of aerobic capacity. Running speed, distance, and time to exhaustion are performance outcomes influenced by running economy, anaerobic capacity, neuromuscular function, motivation, and test tolerance. Lactate\u2010derived thresholds and critical speed provide complementary information on sustainable exercise intensity. Treadmill running with indirect calorimetry offers control for maximal oxygen\u2010uptake assessment, whereas voluntary wheel running reflects self\u2010selected activity and swimming is useful for lactate\u2010based models. Validity depends on biological, procedural, environmental, and technical factors. Reliable assessment requires alignment among physiological construct, exercise modality, outcome measure, and experimental population. Model\u2010specific validation, objective maximality and exhaustion criteria, appropriate oxygen\u2010uptake normalization, calibrated systems, refined motivational procedures, and transparent reporting are essential for reproducibility, animal welfare, and translational interpretation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.70142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:50:57Z","timestamp":1792648257000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing Aerobic Capacity in Rat and Mouse Models: A Critical Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8096-5504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dursun Alper","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Institute of Health Sciences Bursa Uluda\u011f University Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences A\u011fr\u0131 \u0130brahim \u00c7e\u00e7en University A\u011fr\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4606-6596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fad\u0131l","family":"\u00d6zyener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Institute of Health Sciences Bursa Uluda\u011f University Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Bursa Uluda\u011f University Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(93)90116-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(94)90215-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1316360"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.752640"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14100534"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00372"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367700780384681"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1979.47.6.1278"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9048(02)00183-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00991.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00125.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1978.45.6.1009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2023.111387"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2007.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91566.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.198382"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1580"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00545-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2005.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01768"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04635.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1975.228.4.1029"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00790"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00636"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(01)00362-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00809.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240866"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)96046-1","article-title":"Biochemical Adaptations in Muscle","volume":"242","author":"Holloszy J. 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