{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T06:10:51Z","timestamp":1700547051178},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,11]],"date-time":"2003-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1050019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Exp. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultrasonography is a powerful new tool in reproductive physiology and ecology but quantitative evaluations of acoustic window efficacies are necessary to assess methodological accuracy. We evaluated the efficacy of the left inguinal, right inguinal and cranial acoustic windows for detecting ovarian follicles and oviducal eggs in three tortoise species. Incorporating cranial results improved upon inguinal efficacies for detecting follicles in the three species, and for detecting eggs in <jats:italic>Chersina angulata<\/jats:italic>, which had small inguinal apertures for its body size. The cranial window provided the best follicle results (highest numbers detected) but the left inguinal window provided the best egg results. This asymmetry was probably due to the primarily posterior position of the oviducts (eggs) and the pliable ovarian sheets allowing follicles to move cranially. The left\u2010right asymmetry may result from intestinal asymmetry (i.e., between the cecum and descending colon) in obscuring ultrasound transmission or displacing follicles and eggs. Seasonal influences upon efficacies varied with species, partially due to species differences in a) reproductive cycles and b) size and number of follicles and eggs. We attributed other efficacy differences among species to differences in body size and shell morphology, especially the inguinal apertures. Correlation analyses revealed strong individual influences upon window efficacy, suggesting that individuals varied in the position of follicles and eggs and the degree of obfuscation by nonreproductive structures. The paucity of correlations between efficacies and body size reflects the complex interactions of body size, shell morphology, reproductive structures and reproductive cycles on efficacies. <jats:italic>J. Exp. Zool. 297A:88\u2013104, 2003.<\/jats:italic> \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.a.10234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,14]],"date-time":"2003-04-14T10:03:24Z","timestamp":1050314604000},"page":"88-104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Viewing chelonian reproductive ecology through acoustic windows: Cranial and inguinal perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"297A","author":[{"given":"Brian T.","family":"Henen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaretha D.","family":"Hofmeyr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Turtles of the world","author":"Ernst CH","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"The importance of dietary nitrogen to the reproductive output of female desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii)","volume":"1998","author":"Henen BT","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Second Comparative Nutrition Society Symposium"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"British Small Animal Veterinary Association Manual of Reptiles","author":"Jackson OF","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Turtle conservation","author":"Klemens MW","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Zur Fortpflanzung von Pseudemydura umbrina Siebenrock, 1901: Neue Untersuchungsmethoden f\u00fcr die Rettung einer vom Aussterben bedrohten Schildkr\u00f6tenart (Testudines: Chelidae)","volume":"1","author":"Kuchling G","year":"1988","journal-title":"Herpetozoa"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Assessment of ovarian follicles and oviductal eggs by ultra\u2010sound scanning in live freshwater turtles, Chelodina oblonga","volume":"45","author":"Kuchling G","year":"1989","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-80414-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1988.tb01744.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Genetic and morphometric variation in the angulate tortoise, Chersina angulata, along the west coast of South Africa","author":"Lesia MGA","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1991.tb00092.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Vertebrate life","author":"Pough FH","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.1430090503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging of ovaries and eggs in Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempi)","volume":"21","author":"Rostal DC","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1467071"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"706","article-title":"Ultrasound scanning of ovaries and eggs in Gal\u00e1pagos tortoises, Geochelone nigra, on Santa Cruz Island, Gal\u00e1pagos","volume":"3","author":"Schramm BG","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Comparative Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjez.a.10234","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jez.a.10234","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T20:15:09Z","timestamp":1697228109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jez.a.10234"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,11]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jez.a.10234"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jez.a.10234","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1548-8969","1552-499X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1548-8969","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-499X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,11]]}}}