{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T16:40:59Z","timestamp":1758127259581},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,14]],"date-time":"2003-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1045180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Exp. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pineal gland of vertebrates produces and secretes the hormone melatonin in response to changes in the light\u2010dark cycle, with high production at night and low production during the day. Melatonin is thought to play an important role in synchronizing daily and\/or seasonal physiological, behavioral, and developmental rhythms in vertebrates. In this study, the functional development of the pineal melatonin\u2010generating system was examined in the mummichog, <jats:italic>Fundulus heteroclitus<\/jats:italic>, an euryhaline teleost. In this species, the pineal gland contains an endogenous oscillator, ultimately responsible for timing the melatonin rhythm. Oocytes from gravid females were collected and fertilized <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> from sperm collected from mature males. Skull caps containing attached pineal glands were obtained from <jats:italic>F. heteroclitus<\/jats:italic> embryos at different embryonic stages and placed in static or perfusion culture under various photoperiodic regimes. Rhythmic melatonin secretion from pineal glands of embryonic <jats:italic>F. heteroclitus<\/jats:italic> embryos exposed to a 12L:12D cycle in static culture was observed at five days post\u2010fertilization. The ontogeny of circadian\u2010controlled melatonin production from <jats:italic>F. heteroclitus<\/jats:italic> pineal glands exposed to constant darkness for five days was also seen at day five post\u2010fertilization. These data show that early development of the pineal melatonin\u2010generating system in this teleost occurs prior to hatching. Pre\u2010hatching development of the melatonin\u2010generating system may confer some selective advantage in this species in its interactions with the environment. <jats:italic>J. Exp. Zool. 296A:56\u201362, 2003<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.a.10241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,18]],"date-time":"2003-02-18T15:13:38Z","timestamp":1045581218000},"page":"56-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Development of rhythmic melatonin secretion from the pineal gland of embryonic mummichog (<i>Fundulus heteroclitus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"296A","author":[{"given":"Debra","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darren K.","family":"Okimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cara","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Straume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milton H.","family":"Stetson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00643-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1539545"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.1995.tb00790.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00301136"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01413.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"BromageNR RandallCF PorterMJR DaviesB.1995.How do photoperiod the pineal gland melatonin and circannual rhythms interact to co\u2010ordinate seasonal reproduction in salmonid fish?In: Goetz F Thomas P editors. 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