{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:03:54Z","timestamp":1791252234833,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,28]],"date-time":"2003-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Exp. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The silkworm, <jats:italic>Bombyx mori<\/jats:italic>, has a dimorphic sperm system. The eupyrene sperm is the sperm to fertilize eggs and the apyrene sperm plays a crucial role for assisting fertilization. Heat\u2010treated (33\u00b0C for 96h) Daizo (DH) males, one of the strains in the silkworm, produce only eupyrene sperm, while in triploid males only apyrene sperm are functional. Though both types of males are found to be sterile, double copulation of the two males with a single female greatly increases fertility. Here we examined the fertilizing ability of eupyrene and apyrene sperm by means of an artificial insemination technique previously established in <jats:italic>B. mori<\/jats:italic>. Neither the eupyrene sperm collected from DH males, nor the apyrene sperm from triploid males have the ability to fertilize eggs. Artificial insemination with the mixture of eupyrene and apyrene sperm leveled up the frequency of fertilized eggs to more than 80%. When cryopreserved DH sperm (eupyrene sperm) were subjected to the same experiment, more than 95% fertilized eggs were obtained. These results confirmed that apyrene sperm play an important and indispensable role in fertilization in <jats:italic>B. mori<\/jats:italic>. Separate collection of functional eupyrene sperm and functional apyrene sperm and success of fertilization by means of the artificial insemination technique are applicable for further studies to elucidate the function of apyrene sperm. <jats:italic>J. Exp. Zool. 297A:196\u2013200, 2003.<\/jats:italic> \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.a.10250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,29]],"date-time":"2003-05-29T10:04:25Z","timestamp":1054202665000},"page":"196-200","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Application of artificial insemination technique to eupyrene and\/or apyrene sperm in <i>Bombyx mori<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"297A","author":[{"given":"Ken","family":"Sahara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Takemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"129","volume-title":"The Mammalian Oviduct","author":"Blandau RJ","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"338","volume-title":"Reproductive Biology","author":"Bedford JM","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"476","article-title":"Artificial insemination of Aedes aegypti (L.)","volume":"49","author":"Burcham E","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.61.3.852"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/17257"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(65)90083-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-6055.1979.tb00868.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051380104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"363","article-title":"Sperm size and number? Effects of nutritional stress upon eupyrene and apyrene sperm production strategies in the moth Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"18","author":"Gage MJG","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Aust Entmol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"650","article-title":"Kunstliche Befruchtung bei Drosophila","volume":"70","author":"Gottschewski G","year":"1937","journal-title":"Am Natul"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"282","article-title":"Instrumental insemination of queen bees","volume":"125","author":"Harbo JR","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Bee J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"467","article-title":"Influence of low temperature during egg incubation on spermatogenesis of the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"65","author":"He L","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Seric Sci Jpn"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(70)90146-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"The ultrastructure and phylogeny of insect spermatozoa","author":"Jamieson BGM","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1910(99)00075-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1303\/aez.12.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Polyploidy and size of serosa nuclei and cells in eggs of the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"48","author":"Kawamura N","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Seric Sci Jpn"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-169X.2002.00641.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4687(200011)246:2<53::AID-JMOR1>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0967199401001174"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3496164"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02977916"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Artificial insemination of Bombyx mori","volume":"38","author":"\u00d4mura S","year":"1936","journal-title":"J Fac Agr Hokkaido Imp Univ"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Studies on the reproductive system of the male of Bombyx mori. II. Post\u2010testicular organs and post\u2010testicular behaviour of the spermatozoa","volume":"40","author":"\u00d4mura S","year":"1938","journal-title":"J Fac Agr Hokkaido Imp Univ"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02126341"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051980209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(89)90114-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Sperm transport in the reproductive tract of the female rabbit: I","volume":"19","author":"Overstreet JW","year":"1978","journal-title":"The rapid transit phase of transport. Biol Reprod"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0967199402002046"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/284200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Sterilization of the male silkworm, Bombyx mori L. by the high temperature environment","volume":"41","author":"Sugai E","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Seric Sci Jpn"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"327","article-title":"Artificial insemination and oviposition using cryopreserved sperm in several strains of the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"68","author":"Takemura Y","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Seric Sci Jpn"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"456","article-title":"Development of new method for artificial insemination of the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"65","author":"Takemura Y","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Seric Sci Jpn"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1910(98)00148-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1910(99)00135-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/20.3.530"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Comparative Experimental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjez.a.10250","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jez.a.10250","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T10:45:25Z","timestamp":1700217925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jez.a.10250"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,28]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jez.a.10250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jez.a.10250","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1548-8969","1552-499X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1548-8969","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-499X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,28]]}}}