{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T03:02:10Z","timestamp":1789268530879,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,16]],"date-time":"2007-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1184544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two embryonic cell populations, the neural crest and cranial ectodermal placodes, between them give rise to many of the unique characters of vertebrates. Neurogenic placode derivatives are vital for sensing both external and internal stimuli. In this speculative review, we discuss potential developmental and evolutionary relationships between two placode series that are usually considered to be entirely independent: lateral line placodes, which form the mechanosensory and electroreceptive hair cells of the anamniote lateral line system as well as their afferent neurons, and epibranchial placodes (geniculate, petrosal and nodose), which form <jats:italic>Phox2b<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> visceral sensory neurons with input from both the external and internal environment. We illustrate their development using molecular data we recently obtained in shark embryos, and we describe their derivatives, including the possible geniculate placode origin of a mechanosensory sense organ associated with the first pharyngeal pouch\/cleft (the anamniote spiracular organ\/amniote paratympanic organ). We discuss how both lateral line and epibranchial placodes can be related in different ways to the otic placode (which forms the inner ear and its afferent neurons), and how both are important for protective somatic reflexes. Finally, we put forward a highly speculative proposal about the original function of the cells whose evolutionary descendants today include the derivatives of the lateral line, otic and epibranchial placodes, namely that they produced sensory receptors and neurons for <jats:italic>Phox2b<\/jats:italic>\u2010dependent protective reflex circuits. We hope this review will stimulate both debate and a fresh look at possible developmental and evolutionary relationships between these seemingly disparate and independent placodes. <jats:italic>J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 310B:370\u2013383, 2008<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.21188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,16]],"date-time":"2007-07-16T16:46:18Z","timestamp":1184604378000},"page":"370-383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Lateral line, otic and epibranchial placodes: developmental and evolutionary links?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"310B","author":[{"given":"Clare V. H.","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"O'Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth B.","family":"McCole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2003.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Neuroanatomy and physiology of abdominal vagal afferents","author":"Andrews PLR","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(05)72003-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-28117-7_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(97)00129-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.14.3045","article-title":"Establishing neuronal identity in vertebrate neurogenic placodes","volume":"127","author":"Baker CVH","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2001.0156"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.21060"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1995.1143"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3560-6_30"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6505680"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.5.895"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"655","volume-title":"The mechanosensory lateral line. Neurobiology and evolution","author":"Bodznick D","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-28275-0_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1997.tb01010.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04196"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Genetics of respiratory control disorders","author":"Brunet J\u2010F","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(02)00322-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.05.030182.001005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-28275-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.69.1.233","article-title":"The effect of sectioning cranial nerves V, VII, IXand X on the cardiac response of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula to environmental hypoxia","volume":"69","author":"Butler PJ","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19960701)34:4<302::AID-JEMT3>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10444"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Gaining ground: the origin and evolution of tetrapods","author":"Clack JA","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-28275-0_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001660406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600805103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"241","article-title":"Uber die Innervation des von Vitali entdeckten Sinnesorgans in Mittelohr der V\u00f6gel (sogen. paratympanisches Organ)","volume":"62","author":"Federici F","year":"1927","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02199"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-142X.2006.05076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00232240"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3560-6_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(98)70053-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"80","volume-title":"Development of the auditory system","author":"Fritzsch B","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.02.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ueber Anlagen von Sinnesorganen am Facialis, Glossopharyngeus und Vagus, \u00fcber die genetische Stellung des Vagus zum Hypoglossus, und \u00fcber die Herkunft der Zungenmusculatur","author":"Froriep A","year":"1885","journal-title":"Arch Anat Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.220.4594.268"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2004.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20225"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"The ultrastructure of the paratympanic organ in the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus)","volume":"147","author":"Giannessi F","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.199.9.2035","article-title":"Homing experiments on pigeons subjected to bilateral destruction of the paratympanic organ","volume":"199","author":"Giannessi F","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000079745"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1235"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01480"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903320209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01346"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-7-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02978174"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01936"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.100.1.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01564"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2006.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1984.tb00813.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3560-6_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-28275-0_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3560-6_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"Principles of neural science","author":"Kandel ER","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2005.05.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902640303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511897948"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00502"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01587"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1994.74.3.543"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X1998000700002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02267"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(86)90238-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9048(02)00035-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01876"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02749"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000065206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","volume-title":"Normal table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin)","author":"Nieuwkoop PD","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21050"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00455"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900470306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090180210"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3560-6_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000113319"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000079747"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.21063"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-28275-0_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/413055"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1995.1086"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(20000612)421:4<570::AID-CNE7>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.7.1349"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1949.tb00505.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000113335"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"L'organo di senso spiracolare dei Selaci","volume":"7","author":"Ranzi S","year":"1926","journal-title":"Pubbl Staz Zool Napoli"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3560-6_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-003-0424-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000113208"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-005-0048-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406382102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01730"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0944-2006-00062"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0944-2006-00058"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.21055"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2004.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432143"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.10130"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_103_1","first-page":"266","article-title":"L'organo di senso dello spiracolo e l'organo paratimpanico nella sistematica dei Vertebrati","volume":"58","author":"Simonetta AM","year":"1953","journal-title":"Arch It Anat Embriol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_104_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Distribuzione e significato dell'organo paratimpanico del Vitali","volume":"66","author":"Simonetta AM","year":"1959","journal-title":"Att Soc Tosc Sci Nat Pisa"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_105_1","first-page":"R887","article-title":"Chemoreceptor modulation of endogenous respiratory rhythms in vertebrates","volume":"259","author":"Smatresk NJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20067"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.6.1916"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2001.19910099.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.10130"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.203.7.1225"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_113_1","first-page":"219","article-title":"Di un interessante derivato della prima fessura branchiale nel passero","volume":"39","author":"Vitali G","year":"1911","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_114_1","first-page":"302","article-title":"L'organo paratimpanico e la sua funzione","volume":"3","author":"Vitali G","year":"1921","journal-title":"Riv Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_115_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Il comportamento dell'organo della prima fessura branchiale negli Anfibi, nei Rettili e nei Mammiferi","volume":"4","author":"Vitali G","year":"1924","journal-title":"Ricerche di Morfologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_116_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"Il comportamento dell'organo della prima fessura branchiale (placode epibranchiale) nei Selaci","volume":"36","author":"Vitali G","year":"1925","journal-title":"Monit Zool Ital"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_117_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"La fa\u00e7on de se comporter du placode de la premi\u00e8re fente branchiale (placode \u00e9pibranchial) dans la s\u00e9rie des vert\u00e9br\u00e9s","volume":"76","author":"Vitali G","year":"1926","journal-title":"Arch Ital Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000115851"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000113570"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0019-05.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1995.0098"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00555"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900810204"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjez.b.21188","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jez.b.21188","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T06:11:15Z","timestamp":1694499075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jez.b.21188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,16]]},"references-count":122,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jez.b.21188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jez.b.21188","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5007","1552-5015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5007","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,16]]}}}