{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T10:20:57Z","timestamp":1758709257432},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,11]],"date-time":"2008-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1205193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3\u2010isobutyl\u20101\u2010methylxanthine (IBMX) showed inductive effect on larval settlement of the polychaete <jats:italic>Hydroides elegans<\/jats:italic>. It has been suggested that IBMX triggers larval settlement by elevating the cellular adenosine 3\u2032,5\u2032\u2010cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) level in this species. To test this hypothesis, we first examined cAMP\u2010level changes in both the competent (CL) and attached larvae (AL) and then characterized the cAMP\u2010dependent protein kinase in <jats:italic>H. elegans<\/jats:italic>, which is the major mediator of cAMP action. Tissue extracts of the larvae were assayed for cAMP by enzyme immunoassay; the results showed that IBMX increased cAMP production up to approximately two\u2010folds in the CL. However, there was no significant difference in the cAMP concentration between the CL and AL that were not treated with IBMX. The catalytic subunit of <jats:italic>protein kinase A<\/jats:italic> gene from <jats:italic>H. elegans<\/jats:italic> (designated <jats:italic>HePKAc<\/jats:italic>) was cloned, and its expression in different developmental stages of <jats:italic>H. elegans<\/jats:italic> was examined using quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction. The gene expression level in the pre\u2010competent trochophore larvae was the lowest, increased in the CL, reached the highest in the larvae undergoing normal and IBMX\u2010induced metamorphosis, and then decreased in the adult stage. In situ hybridization results showed that <jats:italic>HePKAc<\/jats:italic> expressed mainly around eye regions and along body fragments of the CL and AL. Our results indicated that the IBMX\u2010induced cAMP changes and the cAMP\u2010dependent protein kinase gene may mediate larval development and settlement of <jats:italic>H. elegans<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 310B:417\u2013427, 2008<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.21214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,11]],"date-time":"2008-03-11T21:16:16Z","timestamp":1205270176000},"page":"417-427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cyclic AMP concentration and protein kinase A (<i>PKA<\/i>) gene expression at different developmental stages of the polychaete <i>Hydroides elegans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"310B","author":[{"given":"Hong\u2010Lei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin\u2010Sheng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei\u2010Yuan","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3649","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.18.3649","article-title":"Requirements for the adenylyl cyclases in the development of dictyostelium","volume":"128","author":"Anjard C","year":"2001","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modgep.2007.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1542416"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6327(1996)32:3\/4<475::AID-ARCH19>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1542564"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps146081"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Larval development of Sabellastarte spectabilis (Grube, 1878) (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in Hawaiian waters. 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