{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:50:44Z","timestamp":1790790644765,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]],"date-time":"2017-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510185600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":373,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]],"date-time":"2016-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DBI #093945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DBI #093945"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DBI #1460696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DBI #1460696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P40 RR012546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P40 RR012546"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we characterize the retina of the spotted gar, <jats:italic>Lepisosteus oculatus<\/jats:italic>, a ray\u2010finned fish. Gar did not undergo the whole genome duplication event that occurred at the base of the teleost fish lineage, which includes the model species zebrafish and medaka. The divergence of gars from the teleost lineage and the availability of a high\u2010quality genome sequence make it a uniquely useful species to understand how genome duplication sculpted features of the teleost visual system, including photoreceptor diversity. We developed reagents to characterize the cellular organization of the spotted gar retina, including representative markers for all major classes of retinal neurons and M\u00fcller glia. We report that the gar has a preponderance of predicted short\u2010wavelength shifted (SWS) opsin genes, including a duplicated set of SWS1 (ultraviolet) sensitive opsin encoding genes, a SWS2 (blue) opsin encoding gene, and two rod opsin encoding genes, all of which were expressed in retinal photoreceptors. We also report that gar SWS1 cones lack the geometric organization of photoreceptors observed in teleost fish species, consistent with the crystalline photoreceptor mosaic being a teleost innovation. Of note the spotted gar expresses both <jats:italic>exo\u2010rhodopsin<\/jats:italic> (RH1\u20101) and rhodopsin (RH1\u20102) in rods. <jats:italic>Exo\u2010rhodopsin<\/jats:italic> is an opsin that is not expressed in the retina of zebrafish and other teleosts, but rather is expressed in regions of the brain. This study suggests that <jats:italic>exo\u2010rhodopsin<\/jats:italic> is an ancestral actinopterygian (ray finned fish) retinal opsin, and in teleosts its expression has possibly been subfunctionalized to the pineal gland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.22710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,10]],"date-time":"2016-11-10T03:19:52Z","timestamp":1478747992000},"page":"403-421","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Characterization and Evolution of the Spotted Gar Retina"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"326","author":[{"given":"Joshua M.","family":"Sukeena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho  Moscow Idaho"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Galicia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho  Moscow Idaho"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob D.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado School of Mines  Golden Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"McGinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho  Moscow Idaho"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janette W.","family":"Boughman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology and Program in Ecology Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barrie D.","family":"Robison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho  Moscow Idaho"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Postlethwait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolution, Development, and Genetics University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Braasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology and Program in Ecology Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah L.","family":"Stenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho  Moscow Idaho"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Fuerst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho  Moscow Idaho"},{"name":"WWAMI Medical Education Program University of Washington School of Medicine  Moscow Idaho"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(00)00012-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-66435-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021909-135815"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22447"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.111.127324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00062-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f80-233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1624-07.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.39.020188.000441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31442-1_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.22589"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3526"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.186.1.187"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000115858"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(20000117)416:3<356::AID-CNE7>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1740925X07000592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000114143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2003.10.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20261"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800007094"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msj083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1983.0091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-13-04975.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3783"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-1606(03)00125-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2007.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Development of the cone photoreceptor mosaic in the mouse retina revealed by fluorescent cones in transgenic mice","volume":"9","author":"Fei Y","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00458-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20000814)424:1<1::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10491"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1117-05.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8659(1952)82[13:FRBFSG]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-21-08936.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10944"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19980511)394:3<271::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.072587"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35098564"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-009-0886-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-13-238"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.10.2177"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00848.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn0901-877"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Autoantibodies against retinal bipolar cells in cutaneous melanoma\u2010associated retinopathy","volume":"34","author":"Milam AH","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005483"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2008.12.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2001.0163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21487"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0498-345"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.041873pr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(87)90338-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903590403"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-6-36"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-6395.2003.00142.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07574.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095252380001049X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.078006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","first-page":"116","volume-title":"Marine and environmental biology","author":"Smith OA","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8659(1999)128<0144:DASPOS>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21549"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20010319)431:4<363::AID-CNE1076>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(06)59005-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2011.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-11-51"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01532"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.640303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523899163168"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2004.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04615"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","volume-title":"The zebrafish book. A guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish (Danio rerio)","author":"Westerfield M","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016512617484"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjez.b.22710","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjez.b.22710","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jez.b.22710","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jez.b.22710","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/jez.b.22710","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jez.b.22710","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T09:55:52Z","timestamp":1696326952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jez.b.22710"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jez.b.22710"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jez.b.22710","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5007","1552-5015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5007","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}}}