{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T16:50:40Z","timestamp":1775235040969,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31370537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31370537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Chinese concave\u2010eared torrent frog (<jats:italic>Odorrana tormota<\/jats:italic>) is typically sexually dimorphic. Females are significantly less common than males in the wild. Until now, the molecular mechanisms of reproduction and sex differentiation of frogs remain unclear. Here, we integrated mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles to reveal the molecular mechanisms of reproduction and sex differentiation in <jats:italic>O. tormota<\/jats:italic>. We identified 234 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and 18,551 differentially expressed transcripts. Of these, 12,053 mRNAs and 64 miRNAs were upregulated in testes, and 6,498 mRNAs and 170 miRNAs were upregulated in ovaries. Integrated analysis of the miRNA and mRNA expression profiles predicted 75,602 potential miRNA\u2013mRNA interaction sites, with 42,065 negative miRNA\u2013mRNA interactions. We found 36 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to reproduction and sex differentiation, of which 15 DEGs formed 92 negative miRNA\u2013mRNA interactions with 34 known DEMs. Thus, miRNAs may play other important roles in <jats:italic>O. tormota<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses showed reproductive\u2010related processes, such as the gonadotropinreleasing hormone signaling pathway and ovarian steroidogenesis. Based on functional annotation and the literature, the retinoic acid signaling pathway, the SOX9\u2013AMH pathway, and the process of spermatogenesis may be involved in the molecular mechanisms of reproduction and sex differentiation in <jats:italic>O. tormota<\/jats:italic>, and may be regulated by miRNAs. The miRNA\u2013mRNA pairs described may provide further understanding of the regulatory mechanisms associated with reproduction and sex differentiation, and the molecular mechanism of reproduction in <jats:italic>O. tormota<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.22851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T12:35:00Z","timestamp":1554813300000},"page":"69-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Integrated mRNA and miRNA expression profile analyses reveal the potential roles of sex\u2010biased miRNA\u2013mRNA pairs in gonad tissues of the Chinese concave\u2010eared torrent frog (<i>Odorrana tormota<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"332","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1646-3408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yilin","family":"Shu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province Wuhu China"},{"name":"College of Life Sciences Anhui Normal University Wuhu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province Wuhu China"},{"name":"College of Life Sciences Anhui Normal University Wuhu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qijia","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China"},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province Wuhu China"},{"name":"College of Life Sciences Anhui Normal University Wuhu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province Wuhu China"},{"name":"College of Life Sciences Anhui Normal University Wuhu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province Wuhu China"},{"name":"College of Life Sciences Anhui Normal University Wuhu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bihua","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hailong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province Wuhu China"},{"name":"College of Life Sciences Anhui Normal University Wuhu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.22055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2010-11-10-r106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807297105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi463"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.12.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1125691"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.001107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2001.0164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641-008-9342-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2005.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-014-9607-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_14_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"The sexual dimorphism of Odorrana tormota","volume":"32","author":"Chen X.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sichuan Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_15_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"MicroRNA control of ovarian function","volume":"7","author":"Christenson L. 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