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A classic example of convergent trait evolution is the reduced traits that characterize many cave animals: reduction or loss of pigmentation and eyes. While these traits have evolved many times, relatively little is known about whether these traits repeatedly evolve through the same or different molecular and developmental mechanisms. The small freshwater fish, <jats:italic>Astyanax mexicanus<\/jats:italic>, provides an opportunity to investigate the repeated evolution of cave traits. <jats:italic>A. mexicanus<\/jats:italic> exists as two forms, a sighted, surface\u2010dwelling form and at least 29 populations of a blind, cave\u2010dwelling form that initially develops eyes that subsequently degenerate. We compared eye morphology and the expression of eye regulatory genes in developing surface fish and two independently evolved cavefish populations, Pach\u00f3n and Molino. We found that many of the previously described molecular and morphological alterations that occur during eye development in Pach\u00f3n cavefish are also found in Molino cavefish. However, for many of these traits, the Molino cavefish have a less severe phenotype than Pach\u00f3n cavefish. Further, cave\u2013cave hybrid fish have larger eyes and lenses during early development compared with fish from either parental population, suggesting that some different changes underlie eye loss in these two populations. Together, these data support the hypothesis that these two cavefish populations evolved eye loss independently, yet through some of the same developmental and molecular mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.22977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T10:25:33Z","timestamp":1593685533000},"page":"423-437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Repeated evolution of eye loss in Mexican cavefish: Evidence of similar developmental mechanisms in independently evolved populations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"334","author":[{"given":"Itzel","family":"Sifuentes\u2010Romero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College Florida Atlantic University  Jupiter Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estephany","family":"Ferrufino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College Florida Atlantic University  Jupiter Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunishka","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College Florida Atlantic University  Jupiter Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Laboissonniere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology Iowa State University  Ames Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harriet L. 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