{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:52:01Z","timestamp":1788501121363,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Bowhead whales are among the longest\u2010lived mammals with an extreme lifespan of about 211 years. During the first 25 years of their lives, rib bones increase in mineral density and the medulla transitions from compact to trabecular bone. Molecular drivers associated with these phenotypic changes in bone remain unknown. This study assessed expression levels of osteogenic genes from samples of rib bones of bowheads. Samples were harvested from prenatal to 86\u2010year\u2010old whales, representing the first third of the bowhead lifespan. Fetal to 2\u2010year\u2010old bowheads showed expression levels consistent with the rapid deposition of the bone extracellular matrix. Sexually mature animals showed expression levels associated with low rates of osteogenesis and increased osteoclastogenesis. After the first 25 years of life, declines in osteogenesis corresponded with increased expression of\n                    <jats:italic>EZH2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an epigenetic regulator of osteogenesis. These findings suggest\n                    <jats:italic>EZH2<\/jats:italic>\n                    may be at least one epigenetic modifier that contributes to the age\u2010related changes in the rib bone phenotype along with the transition from compact to trabecular bone. Ancient cetaceans and their fossil relatives also display these phenotypes, suggesting\n                    <jats:italic>EZH2<\/jats:italic>\n                    may have shaped the skeleton of whales in evolutionary history.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.22990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T01:36:02Z","timestamp":1596072962000},"page":"339-349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Linking gene expression and phenotypic changes in the developmental and evolutionary origins of osteosclerosis in the ribs of bowhead whales (\n                    <i>Balaena mysticetus<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"334","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1765-927X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa N.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Musculoskeletal Research Group Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hope C.","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Musculoskeletal Research Group Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Vinyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Musculoskeletal Research Group Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fayez F.","family":"Safadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Musculoskeletal Research Group Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute Akron Children's Hospital Akron Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife Management The North Slope Borough Utqiagvik Alaska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes G. M.","family":"Thewissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Musculoskeletal Research Group Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt079"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054277"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-016-1029-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2016.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23125"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-142X.2002.02033.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","volume-title":"Basic and applied bone biology","author":"Burr D. B.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0290023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1182213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20532"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icw119"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.23076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.014134"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Postcranial morphology and locomotion of the Eocene raoellid Indohyus (Artiodactyla: Mammalia)","volume":"24","author":"Cooper L. N.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Historical Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81558-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.002983"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","volume-title":"On the Greenland right\u2010whale (Balaena mysticetus Linn.): With special reference to its geographical distribution and migrations in times past and present, and to its external and internal characteristics","author":"Eschricht D. F.","year":"1866"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0021-8782.2004.00278.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2008.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1052250105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2012.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z99-015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156753"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","unstructured":"George J. C. Thewissen J. G. M. Von Duyke A. Breed G. A. Suydam R. Sformo T. &Brower H.(in press).Life history growth and form. InJ. C.George&J. G. M.Thewissen(Eds.) The bowhead whale:Balaena mysticetus: Biology and human interactions(1st ed. p.516).Cambridge:Academic Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20533"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0487-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14430\/arctic2183"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-32.1.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1573"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4877.2009.00146.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118409"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","volume-title":"Aquatic mammals, their adaptations to life in the water","author":"Howell A. B.","year":"1930"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","volume-title":"Bone: A regulator of physiology","author":"Karsenty G.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","volume-title":"A Review of the Archaeoceti","author":"Kellogg R.","year":"1936"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2011.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z2012-057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/Z08-028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0159-0_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1666\/0022-3360(2007)81[176:TPSOEE]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54447-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2011.00518.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","unstructured":"Moussa F. M.(2017).The epigenetic regulation of Osteoactivin\/GPNMB in bone cells. (PhD thesis). Retrived from Kent State University College of Arts and Sciences. (kent1492641831208575)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40233"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20163918"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00841"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1213-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-142X.2002.02032.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","first-page":"289","volume-title":"Secondary adaptation of tetrapods to life in water","author":"Ricql\u00e8s A.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/ejom.35.1.25.13058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100699"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604706103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","unstructured":"Stimmelmayr R. Horstmann L. Ramey D. Hanns C. Person B. Sformo T. L. &George J. C.(in press).Hematology serum\u2010 and urine composition. InJ. C.George&J. G. M.Thewissen(Eds.) The bowhead whale:Balaena mysticetus: Biology and human interactions(1st ed.).Cambridge:Academic Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-019-1509-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.0399"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1155"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10292380009380550"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602920103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06343"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12052-009-0135-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2010.00406.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12579"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","unstructured":"Thewissen J. G. M. Hillmann D. J. George J. C. Stimmelmayr R. Tarpley R. J. &Sheffield G.(in press).Prenatal development. InJ. G. M.Thewissen&J. C.George(Eds.) The bowhead whale:Balaena mysticetus: Biology and human interactions (1st ed. p. 516). Cambridge: Academic Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","unstructured":"Thewissen J. G. M. Hillman D.J. George J. C. Tarpley R. J. Sheffield G. Stimmelmayr R. &Suydam R.(in press).Postcranial skeleton and musculature. InJ. C.George&J. G. M.Thewissen(Eds.) The bowhead whale:Balaena mysticetus: Biology and human interactions(p.516).Cambridge:Academic Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2017.00205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Form, function and anatomy of Dorudon atrox (Mammalia, Cetacea): an archaeocete from middle to late Eocene of Egypt","volume":"34","author":"Uhen M. D.","year":"2004","journal-title":"University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000031107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msn282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mms.12040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","unstructured":"Werth A. J. &Sformo T. L.(in press).Anatomy and function of feeding. InJ. C.George&J. G. M.Thewissen(Eds.) The bowhead whale:Balaena mysticetus: Biology and human interactions(1st ed. p. 516).Cambridge:Academic Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-S7-S6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-018-9870-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjez.b.22990","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jez.b.22990","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jez.b.22990","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jez.b.22990","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T20:40:21Z","timestamp":1693860021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jez.b.22990"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jez.b.22990"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jez.b.22990","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JEZ.B.22990\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JEZ.B.22990\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JEZ.B.22990\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JEZ.B.22990\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JEZ.B.22990\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JEZ.B.22990\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JEZ.B.22990\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1552-5007","1552-5015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5007","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}