{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T22:40:17Z","timestamp":1777761617025,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM113230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM113230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The gene regulatory network for segmentation in arthropods offers valuable insights into how networks evolve owing to the breadth of species examined and the extremely detailed knowledge gained in the model organism\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These studies have shown that\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    's network represents a derived state that acquired changes to accelerate segment patterning, whereas most insects specify segments gradually as the embryo elongates. Such heterochronic shifts in segmentation have potentially emerged multiple times within holometabolous insects, resulting in many mechanistic variants and difficulties in isolating underlying commonalities that permit such shifts. Recent studies identified regulatory genes that work as timing factors, coordinating gene expression transitions during segmentation. These studies predict that changes in timing factor deployment explain shifts in segment patterning relative to other developmental events. Here, we test this hypothesis by characterizing the temporal and spatial expression of the pair\u2010rule patterning genes in the malaria vector mosquito,\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This insect is a Dipteran (fly), like\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but represents an ancient divergence within this clade, offering a useful counterpart for evo\u2010devo studies. In mosquito embryos, we observe anterior to posterior sequential addition of stripes for many pair\u2010rule genes and a wave of broad timer gene expression across this axis. Segment polarity gene stripes are added sequentially in the wake of the timer gene wave and the full pattern is not complete until the embryo is fully elongated. This \u201cprogressive segmentation\u201d\u00a0mode in\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    displays commonalities with both\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    's rapid segmentation mechanism and sequential modes used by more distantly related insects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.23102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T22:00:45Z","timestamp":1635976845000},"page":"116-130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Anterior\u2010posterior patterning of segments in\n                    <i>Anopheles stephensi<\/i>\n                    offers insights into the transition from sequential to simultaneous segmentation in holometabolous insects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"340","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0042-8616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alys M.","family":"Cheatle Jarvela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology University of Maryland College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine S.","family":"Trelstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology University of Maryland College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4505-5107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leslie","family":"Pick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology University of Maryland College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02429.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.8.1.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004270050074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.09.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01289"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.14.6324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01203-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2017.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.20123699"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Current Topics in Developmental Biology","author":"Chipman A. 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