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However, the function of <jats:italic>atf5<\/jats:italic> remains largely unknown in fish. Here, we report the expression pattern and function of duplicated <jats:italic>atf5<\/jats:italic> genes in zebrafish. The results showed that the gene structures of zebrafish <jats:italic>atf5a<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>atf5b<\/jats:italic> were similar to their mammalian orthologs. Zebrafish Atf5a and Atf5b shared an amino acid sequence identity of 40.7%. Zebrafish <jats:italic>atf5a<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>atf5b<\/jats:italic> had maternal origin with dynamic expression during embryonic development. Zebrafish <jats:italic>atf5a<\/jats:italic> mRNA is mainly enriched in olfactory epithelium, midbrain, and hindbrain, while zebrafish <jats:italic>atf5b<\/jats:italic> mRNA is mainly detected in midbrain, hindbrain, and liver during embryogenesis. The results of acute hypoxia experiment showed that <jats:italic>atf5a<\/jats:italic> mRNA was significantly upregulated in the brain, liver, and muscle, while <jats:italic>atf5b<\/jats:italic> mRNA was just increased significantly in the brain. Functional analysis showed that knockdown of <jats:italic>atf5a<\/jats:italic> affects the development of the ciliated neurons in zebrafish embryos. The effect was enhanced when <jats:italic>atf5a<\/jats:italic> MO was co\u2010injected with <jats:italic>atf5b<\/jats:italic> MO. The development of ciliated neurons in zebrafish embryos was not affected by injection of <jats:italic>atf5b<\/jats:italic> MO alone. <jats:italic>atf5a<\/jats:italic> knockdown also affects the development of early\u2010born olfactory neurons. The effects caused by <jats:italic>atf5a<\/jats:italic> knockdown could be rescued by <jats:italic>atf5b<\/jats:italic> mRNA. These results suggest that the duplicated <jats:italic>atf5<\/jats:italic> genes may have evolved divergently and play redundant biological roles in the development of olfactory sensory neurons in zebrafish.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.23124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T16:08:39Z","timestamp":1646064519000},"page":"301-313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Gene duplication, conservation, and divergence of <i>activating transcription factor 5<\/i> gene in zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"338","author":[{"given":"Huihui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University  Wuhan 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