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However, the molecular mechanisms that control this biological process are largely unknown. Here, we report a transcriptomic analysis on the Iberian mole,\n                    <jats:italic>Talpa occidentalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , in which the desquamation of live, nonapoptotic germ cells is the major cellular event responsible for testis regression. By comparing testes at different reproductive states (active, regressing, and inactive), we demonstrate that the molecular pathways controlling the cell adhesion function in the seminiferous epithelium, such as the MAPK, ERK, and TGF\u2010\u03b2 signaling, are altered during the regression process. In addition, inactive testes display a global upregulation of genes associated with immune response, indicating a selective loss of the \u201cimmune privilege\u201d that normally operates in sexually active testes. Interspecies comparative analyses using analogous data from the Mediterranean pine vole, a rodent species where testis regression is controlled by halting meiosis entry, revealed a common gene expression signature in the regressed testes of these two evolutionary distant species. Our study advances in the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms associated to gonadal seasonal breeding, highlighting the existence of a conserved transcriptional program of testis involution across mammalian clades.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.23142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T08:15:10Z","timestamp":1652170510000},"page":"231-244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cell adhesion and immune response, two main functions altered in the transcriptome of seasonally regressed testes of two mammalian species"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"340","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0692-2260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca M.","family":"Real","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Lab. 127, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica Universidad de Granada  Granada Spain"},{"name":"RG Development &amp; Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6707-6825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Lao\u2010P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Lab. 127, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica Universidad de Granada  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4446-9313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Burgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Lab. 127, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica Universidad de Granada  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9788-3166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Mundlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RG Development &amp; Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3165-036X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dar\u00edo G.","family":"Lupi\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epigenetics and Sex Development Group, Max\u2010Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4103-8219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Lab. 127, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica Universidad de Granada  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2651-1530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Barrionuevo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Lab. 127, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica Universidad de Granada  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2003.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0817-2_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"The physiology of reproduction","author":"Bronson F. 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