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However, this \u201cdomestication syndrome\u201d has been subject to debate, related to a lack of evidence for certain characteristics in many species. Here we review diverse literature and provide new data on cranial shape changes due to domestication in the European rabbit (\n                    <jats:italic>Oryctolagus cuniculus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) as a preliminary case study, thus contributing novel evidence to the debate. We quantified cranial shape of 30 wild and domestic rabbits using micro\u2010computed tomography scans and three\u2010dimensional geometric morphometrics. The goal was to test (1) if the domesticates exhibit shorter and broader snouts, smaller teeth, and smaller braincases than their wild counterparts; (2) to what extent allometric scaling is responsible for cranial shape variation; (3) if there is evidence for more variation in the neural crest\u2010derived parts of the cranium compared with those derived of the mesoderm, in accordance with the \u201cneural crest hypothesis.\u201d Our own data are consistent with older literature records, suggesting that although there is evidence for some cranial characteristics of the \u201cdomestication syndrome\u201d in rabbits, facial length is not reduced. In accordance with the \u201cneural crest hypothesis,\u201d we found more shape variation in neural crest versus mesoderm\u2010derived parts of the cranium. Within the domestic group, allometric scaling relationships of the snout, the braincase, and the teeth shed new light on ubiquitous patterns among related taxa. This study\u2014albeit preliminary due to the limited sample size\u2014adds to the growing evidence concerning nonuniform patterns associated with domestication.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.23171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T02:03:33Z","timestamp":1659924213000},"page":"532-541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cranial shape variation in domestication: A pilot study on the case of rabbits"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"338","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8405-6663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madeleine","family":"Geiger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paleontological Institute and Museum University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Naturmuseum St.Gallen  St.Gallen Switzerland"},{"name":"SWILD, Urban Ecology &amp; Wildlife Research  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7587-3648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo R.","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Villagra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paleontological Institute and Museum University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Sherratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Adams D. 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