{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:11:07Z","timestamp":1772118667346,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Males and females share most of the genome, but many animals show different phenotypes between the sexes, known as sexual dimorphism. Many insect species show extreme sexual dimorphism, including beetles with \u201cweapon traits\u201d represented by extremely developed horns and mandibles. Existing studies of sex\u2010specific development of beetle weapon traits suggest that sex\u2010specific gene expression plays an important role. On the other hand, contributions of the Y\u2010chromosome, which may potentially carry genes necessary for male development, to weapon trait expression have not been examined. In holometabolous insects, including beetles, the feminizing gene transformer (\n                    <jats:italic>tra<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is roughly conserved in its feminizing function. Only females express a functional isoform of Tra, which causes female differentiation. Knocking down\n                    <jats:italic>tra<\/jats:italic>\n                    in females leads to male tissue differentiation, enabling us to analyze male phenotypes in individuals lacking a Y\u2010chromosome (XX\u2010males). In this study, we investigate whether the Y\u2010chromosome is necessary for stag beetles to express male\u2010specific weapon traits by comparing\n                    <jats:italic>tra<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010knockdown\u2010induced XX\u2010males with natural XY males. We show that XX\u2010males could express weapons (enlarged mandibles) as in XY\u2010males. These results suggest that the Y\u2010chromosome does not have a major role in weapon trait expression in this species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.23274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T01:11:07Z","timestamp":1724721067000},"page":"7-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Induction of male\u2010like mandibles in XX individuals of a stag beetle by gene knockdown of a feminizer gene\n                    <i>transformer<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"344","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0146-809X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Gotoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecological Genetics Laboratory National Institute of Genetics Shizuoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Biological Science Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Itsuki","family":"Ohtsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taichi","family":"Umino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sugadaira Research Station Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukuba Nagano Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yo Y.","family":"Yamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecological Genetics Laboratory National Institute of Genetics Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Minakuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takehiko","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Kitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecological Genetics Laboratory National Institute of Genetics Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"179","article-title":"Chromosome study in five species of lucanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera)","volume":"37","author":"Abe 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