{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T15:37:18Z","timestamp":1772984238122,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Nemertea is a phylum of predominantly marine worms that exhibit various larval forms, including the iconic pilidium. Pelagic lecithotrophic pilidia are considered more derived than pelagic planktotrophic pilidia, but data on the structure of lecithotrophic larvae are limited to the light\u2010optical level. Here, we study the lecithotrophic reversed Iwata's larvae of an undescribed heteronemertean,\n                    <jats:italic>Nipponomicrura<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. Using transmission electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy with F\u2010actin, acetylated \u03b1\u2010tubulin, and serotonin (5\u2010hydroxytryptamine) labeling, the provisional structures of the larva are described. The larval envelope of\n                    <jats:italic>Nipponomicrura<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. consists of three layers: the epidermis, the circular musculature, and the epithelium of the amnion. The larval epidermis contains a considerable amount of yolk, only half of which is consumed by the end of metamorphosis. The apical plate consists of 5\u2010hydroxytryptamine\u2010negative cells, each bearing a cilium surrounded by a collar of eight to nine microvilli. Four monociliated 5\u2010hydroxytryptamine\u2010like\u2010immunoreactivity sensory apical neurons are associated with the apical plate. For the first time, a pair of longitudinal muscles running along the body of the juvenile and joining the anterior and posterior parts of the provisional epithelium has been identified in nemertean larvae. These muscles serve as retractors of the apical plate and fix the position of the juvenile within the larva. The obtained data indicate a similar morphology of the apical organ in Pilidiophora larvae; however, in the\n                    <jats:italic>Nipponomicrura<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. larva, there are more layers under the apical plate, and the muscle\u2010retractor is derived from two longitudinal muscle cords that pass through the juvenile's body, and in posterior pole, attach at the base of the larval envelope.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.23327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T07:01:16Z","timestamp":1756105276000},"page":"20-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Provisional Structures of the Larva of\n                    <i>Nipponomicrura<\/i>\n                    sp. (Nemertea, Pilidiophora)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"346","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4175-5007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timur Yu.","family":"Magarlamov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexei V.","family":"Chernyshev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2041-9139-5-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Studien zu einer revision der entwicklungsgeschichte der Nemertinen [Studies Toward a Revision of the Evolutionary History of the Nemertines]","volume":"8","author":"B\u00fcrger O.","year":"1894","journal-title":"Berichte der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Freiburg im Breisgau"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Die Nemertinen des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres\u2013Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel [The Nemertines of the Gulf of Naples and the Adjacent Sea. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel]","author":"B\u00fcrger O.","year":"1895"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"489","article-title":"The Devouring of the Larval Tissues During the Metamorphosis of Pilidium Larvae (Nemertini)","volume":"18","author":"Cantell C.\u2010E.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Arkiv foer Zoologi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Morphology, Development, and Biology of the Pilidium Larvae (Nemertini) From the Swedish West Coast","volume":"38","author":"Cantell C.\u2010E.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Zoologiska Bidrag Fran Uppsala"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00312027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1063074011010068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics of the Northwest Pacific Ocean","author":"Chernyshev A. V.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/s1063074023080011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1063074024700512"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S106307401302003X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"On the Development of the Pilidium of Certain Nemerteans","volume":"10","author":"Coe W. R.","year":"1899","journal-title":"Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"443","article-title":"Les formes larvaires de polyclades et de nemertines du plancton Indo\u2010chinois [Larval Forms of Polyclads and Nemertines of the Indo\u2010Chinese Plankton]","volume":"74","author":"Dawydoff C.","year":"1940","journal-title":"Bulletin biologique de la France et de la Belgique"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the Embryology of Nemertes; With an Appendix on the Embryonic Development of Polyn\u00f6e; and Remarks Upon the Embryology of Marine Worms in General","volume":"6","author":"Desor E.","year":"1847","journal-title":"Journal of Natural History"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.12139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.12023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"On the Development of Certain Worm Larvae","volume":"11","author":"Fewkes W.","year":"1883","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"Hiebert T. C.2016.New Nemertean Diversity Discovered in the Northeast Pacific Using Surveys of Both Planktonic Larvae and Benthic Adults. University of Oregon.https:\/\/scholarsbank.uoregon.edu\/items\/cc981a3b-8c0f-4667-bc4a-09ff965513a2."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13227-015-0021-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/BBLv229n3p265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ivb.12023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-9994-10-31"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12983-017-0189-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-169X.1958.tb00150.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1982.0093"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.2005.00208.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"569","article-title":"Untersuchungen iiber niedere Seethiere [Investigations on Lower Marine Animals]","author":"Leuckart R.","year":"1858","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr Anatomie und Physiologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12983-019-0347-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-023-10249-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-9994-7-30"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.140090sm"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jezb.22467"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Studien \u00fcber die Entwicklung der Echinodermen und Nemertinen [Studies on the Development of Echinoderms and Nemertines]","volume":"14","author":"Metschnikoff E.","year":"1869","journal-title":"M\u00e9moires de l'Acad\u00e9mie Imp\u00e9riale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Fortsetzung des Berichtes \u00fcber einige neue Tierformen der Nordsee [Continuation of the Report on Some new Animal Forms of the North Sea]","author":"M\u00fcller J. P.","year":"1847","journal-title":"Arch Anat Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","first-page":"78","article-title":"Ein beitrag zur entwicklungsgeschichte der Nemertinen [A Contribution to the Evolutionary History of the Nemertines]","volume":"107","author":"Nusbaum J.","year":"1914","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur wissenschartliche Zoologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"Bau und metamorphose des pilidium [Structure and Metamorphosis of the Pilidium]","volume":"43","author":"Salensky W.","year":"1886","journal-title":"\"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr wissenschaftliche Zoologie\""},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Embryonic Development of Littoral Nemertines Lineus desori (Mihi, Species Nova) and Lineus ruber (O.F. M\u00fcller, 1774, G. A. Schmidt, 1945) in Connection With Ecological Relation Changes of Mature Individual","volume":"14","author":"Schmidt G. A.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Zoologica Poloniae"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","first-page":"528","article-title":"Three New Species of Micrura (Nemertea: Heteronemertea) and a New Type of Heteronemertean Larva From the Caribbean Sea","volume":"41","author":"Schwartz M. L.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Caribbean Journal of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051690106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13227-017-0079-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00435-011-0131-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"A New Form of Pilidium","volume":"2","author":"Wilson E. B.","year":"1882","journal-title":"Stud. Biol. Labor. J. Hopkins Univ."}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jez.b.23327","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jez.b.23327","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jez.b.23327","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T09:42:58Z","timestamp":1772962978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jez.b.23327"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jez.b.23327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jez.b.23327","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5007","1552-5015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5007","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}