{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T22:15:26Z","timestamp":1757542526246},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,24]],"date-time":"2012-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The involvement of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> in the activation of eggs and in the first steps of the embryonic development of several species is a well\u2010known phenomenon. An association between Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> sources with the fate of the blastopore during embryonic development has been investigated by several authors. Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> influx mediated by voltage\u2010gated channels and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> mobilization from intracellular stores are the major sources of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> to egg activation and succeeding cell divisions. Studies on sea urchins embryonic development show that intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> stores are responsible for egg activation and early embryogenesis. In the present work we investigated the involvement of extracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> in the first stages of the embryonic development of the sea urchin <jats:italic>Echinometra lucunter<\/jats:italic>. Divalent cation chelators EDTA and EGTA strongly blocked the early embryonic development. Adding to this, we demonstrated the involvement of voltage\u2010gated Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channels in <jats:italic>E. lucunter<\/jats:italic> embryogenesis since Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channel blockers powerfully inhibited the early embryonic development. Our data also revealed that Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> influx is crucial for embryonic development during only the first 40\u2009min postfertilization. However, intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> remains mandatory to embryonic development 40\u2009min postfertilization, seen that both the intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> chelator BAPTA\u2010AM and calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine inhibited the first stages of development when added to embryos culture 50\u2009min postfertilization. Our work highlights the crucial role of extracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> influx through voltage\u2010gated Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channels for the early embryonic development of the sea urchin <jats:italic>E. lucunter<\/jats:italic> and characterizes an exception in the phylum Echinodermata. <jats:italic>J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. 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