{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T15:27:53Z","timestamp":1789226873912,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Foot and Ankle Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) are patient\u2010reported outcome measures that are frequently used to evaluate the management of plantar heel pain. This study aimed to re\u2010calculate (i.e. revise) the minimal important differences (MIDs) of the VAS and the FHSQ when used for plantar heel pain to enhance the validity and precision of previous estimates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study used an anchor\u2010based method to calculate MIDs and incorporated best\u2010practice analyses to ensure credibility of the estimates. Data from 369 participants previously recruited from the community into four randomised controlled trials that evaluated interventions for plantar heel pain were used. VAS and FHSQ data from these participants at baseline and follow\u2010up were pooled to calculate the MIDs (95% confidence intervals). A 15\u2010point global rating of change Likert scale was used at follow\u2010up as the transition scale, which was anchored to baseline. For the VAS, MIDs for two distinct types of pain were calculated: average pain and first\u2010step pain. For the FHSQ, MIDs for two domains were calculated: foot pain and foot function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The revised MIDs for the 100\u00a0mm VAS were \u22128.5\u00a0mm (95% CI: \u221212.2 to \u22124.7) for average pain and \u221219.2\u00a0mm (95% CI: \u221224.7 to \u221213.8) for first\u2010step pain, which represent improvements in pain. The MIDs for the FHSQ were 12.4 points (95% CI: 6.9 to 18.0) for foot pain and 6.4 points (95% CI: 0.9 to 11.9) for foot function, which represent improvements in foot health status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The revised MIDs from this study for the VAS and the FHSQ when used for plantar heel pain have enhanced validity and precision compared to previous estimates. This is important for clinicians and researchers as it provides a better understanding of how much improvement is required by an individual before an important change is experienced. The revised MIDs will also assist researchers with prospective sample size calculations, so future clinical trials are appropriately powered from a statistical standpoint.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jfa2.70021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T04:48:58Z","timestamp":1734410938000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Revised minimal important difference values for the visual analogue scale and Foot Health Status Questionnaire when used for plantar heel pain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3882-5206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl B.","family":"Landorf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Podiatry School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport La Trobe University  Bundoora Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia N.","family":"Twyford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warrnambool Podiatry Group  Warrnambool Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6966-5324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Cotchett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Podiatry School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport La Trobe University  Bundoora Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2102-7777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glen A.","family":"Whittaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Podiatry School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport La Trobe University  Bundoora Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp032745"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2014.0303"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh071"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757\u20101146\u20101\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2010.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891\u2010019\u20102718\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp19X706061"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891\u2010019\u20102629\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118757983"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Economic Burden of Plantar Fasciitis Treatment in the United States","volume":"39","author":"Tong K. 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