{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T03:05:55Z","timestamp":1775099155329,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["181020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["181020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011286","name":"International Society of Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Foot and Ankle Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>For people with diabetes, a good\u2010fitting shoe is essential for reducing the risk of ulcers and eventual amputation. However, there is a lack of 3D data explaining differences in foot shape between people with and without diabetes and how individual factors might influence these differences; these data are vital for adequate shoe design and prevention of diabetic foot ulcers. This study quantifies the differences in external foot shapes of people with and without diabetes and peripheral neuropathy and examines which factors might affect these variations. One\u2010hundred thirty\u2010six foot scans of older adults with and without diabetes and peripheral neuropathy were used to create and assess foot shape models against demographic and health factors. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the feet of people with diabetes and with neuropathy are not necessarily clustered into a particular foot shape but have more pronounced features in specific foot variations (e.g., ankle width, arch height, hallux abduction, and edema vs. atrophic feet) compared to people without diabetes and neuropathy. The mean pairwise distance (intrascore spread) in PC1 and PC2 for individuals with diabetes and neuropathy was 43% larger than for those without diabetes and neuropathy and 24% larger than for those with neuropathy but no diabetes. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) showed potential predicting the presence of diabetes and neuropathy; however, additional data are required to support the trend. Analyses, such as PCA and PLSR, could be useful for determining how to quantify these changes to design more appropriate footwear for these populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jfa2.70060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T10:43:44Z","timestamp":1751193824000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Examining Foot Shape Variations in Individuals With and Without Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0436-5256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Hemler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Unit of Therapeutic Patient Education WHO Collaborating Centre Geneva University Hospitals  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1738-7136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert W.","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Movement &amp; Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Social Work Griffith University  Southport Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0844-4143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.\u2010V.","family":"Behling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Movement &amp; Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8720-3833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Z.","family":"Pataky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Unit of Therapeutic Patient Education WHO Collaborating Centre Geneva University Hospitals  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty Diabetes Centre Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9736-0517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. A.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Movement &amp; Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Social Work Griffith University  Southport Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation.IDF Diabetes Atlas.10th ed. (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra1615439"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","article-title":"Peripheral Vascular Disease and Diabetes (1985) in: Diabetes in America","volume":"1","author":"Palumbo P.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Data compiled"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","article-title":"Ulcers, Lower Extremity Foot and Amputations in Diabetes","author":"G. 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