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However, recent diagnostic imaging studies are finding some associations between diabetic intrinsic foot muscles and foot deformity. This new information requires a thorough review of the evidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our aim is to systematically review the current literature to investigate any associations between diabetic foot deformity and intrinsic foot muscle changes and review their significance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electronic databases Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched on 6 May 2020 for all years until 2020. The search was re\u2010run on 26 June 2023 with dates ranging from 2020\u20132023. Human data studies on adults in English, investigating diabetes, foot deformities and intrinsic foot muscles were included for review. PROSPERO registration was approved on 24 July 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eleven papers out of 1779 met the inclusion criteria. For the updated search, two papers out of the 226 met inclusion criteria. All were assessed for quality using the STROBE criteria and the Newcastle and Ottawa Scale. Six reported various correlations between intrinsic foot muscles and claw\/hammer toe deformity measurements. Three papers reported limited or no associations. Three papers investigated medial column deformity (MCD); two found a significant correlation to intrinsic foot muscle atrophy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, there is a weak association between diabetic foot deformity and intrinsic foot muscle atrophy and intermuscular adipose tissue infiltration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jfa2.70068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T05:39:38Z","timestamp":1753767578000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Associations Between Diabetic Foot Deformity and the Intrinsic Foot Muscles: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0646-3740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiffany","family":"Hanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Health Sciences Discipline of Medical Imaging Science The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7663-0592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Penelope","family":"Latey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Health Sciences Discipline of Physiotherapy The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanchana","family":"Ekanayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health The University Library, Research Services \u2013 Publishing Support The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Ribarovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Health Sciences Discipline of Medical Imaging Science The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Health Sciences Discipline of Medical Imaging Science The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Health Sciences Discipline of Medical Imaging Science The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation 11th Edition 2025 \u2010 Diabetes Atlas 2024 https:\/\/diabetesatlas.org\/resources\/idf\u2010diabetes\u2010atlas\u20102025\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","unstructured":"Diabetes Australia The State of the Nation 2024 \u2010 The Diabetes Epidemic in Australia 2024 https:\/\/www.diabetesaustralia.com.au\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/State\u2010of\u2010the\u2010Nation\u20102024\u2010Diabetes\u2010Australia.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892\u2010019\u20101212\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13680"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2257"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080079"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119255314.ch3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623\u2010198971010\u201000008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2013.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","volume-title":"Australian Evidence\u2010Based Guidelines for Diabetes\u2010Related Foot Disease; Version 1.0","author":"Lazzarini P. 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