{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:20:28Z","timestamp":1789057228393,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Foot and Ankle Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) result in chronic ankle instability (CAI), causing ongoing instability. Although peroneal muscle weakness is documented in CAI, surface electromyography shows similar activation patterns between CAI and healthy individuals, suggesting structural rather than neural deficits. Ultrasound imaging (USI) uniquely enables noninvasive assessment of muscle morphology and quality through cross\u2010sectional area and echogenicity measurements. However, previous USI studies examined peroneals only in nonweight\u2010bearing positions, potentially missing functional deficits. This study examines peroneal muscle characteristics in CAI versus healthy individuals specifically during weight\u2010bearing functional positions using USI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A case\u2013control study was conducted with 58 participants (29 CAI and 29 healthy controls), aged 18\u201330\u00a0years. Cross\u2010sectional area (CSA), echogenicity (grayscale analysis where higher values indicate fatty infiltration\/fibrosis), and functional activation ratio (FAR) of the peroneal muscles were assessed using USI in nonweight\u2010bearing (side lying) and weight\u2010bearing (bilateral\u2010leg standing (BLS) and single\u2010leg standing (SLS)) positions. CSA images were averaged from three measurements for each position.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The CAI group had significantly smaller CSA in BLS (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.01) and SLS (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.01) but not lying (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.06), higher echogenicity indicating poorer muscle quality (69.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.3 vs. 61.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.0,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.01), and lower FAR in both BLS (0.99\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.13 vs. 1.13\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.16,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.01) and SLS (1.01\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.17 vs. 1.12\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.22,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.03) compared to healthy controls.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Individuals with CAI showed reduced peroneal muscle CSA, lower activation, and poorer muscle quality specifically in weight\u2010bearing positions compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest altered muscle function in CAI especially in functional weight\u2010bearing positions. This demonstrates the need to assess peroneals in functional weight\u2010bearing position compared to resting.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jfa2.70088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T04:28:14Z","timestamp":1763440094000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Functional Assessment of Peroneal Muscles Using Ultrasound Imaging in Chronic Ankle Instability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4134-8540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbis","family":"Jaffri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Creighton University Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01537"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.28.2.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.35.2.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010013\u20100111\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062\u20106050\u2010447\u201017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports\u20102013\u2010093175"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062\u20106050\u201044.6.653"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717701231"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967116653719"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2022.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062\u20106050\u2010406\u201018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2005.35.6.346"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jfa2.12014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2016.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14770"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2021.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00041.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00863"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2010.1812"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.6.2157"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.30.1396"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400319"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2019.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0b013e3181c088bc"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757\u20101146\u20102\u201035"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2020.10.010"}],"container-title":["Journal of Foot and Ankle Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jfa2.70088","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jfa2.70088","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jfa2.70088","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T09:33:03Z","timestamp":1771320783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jfa2.70088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jfa2.70088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jfa2.70088","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-1146","1757-1146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-1146","type":"print"},{"value":"1757-1146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"article-number":"e70088"}}