{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T13:51:02Z","timestamp":1784382662221,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 114\u20102314\u2010B\u2010227\u2010009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114\u20102314\u2010B\u2010227\u2010009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 106\u20102314\u2010B\u2010227\u2010005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 106\u20102314\u2010B\u2010227\u2010005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 107\u20102314\u2010B\u2010227\u2010003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107\u20102314\u2010B\u2010227\u2010003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 108\u20102314\u2010B\u2010227\u2010006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 108\u20102314\u2010B\u2010227\u2010006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Foot and Ankle Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longitudinal data on pregnancy\u2010related changes in plantar loading and balance are limited, particularly among Asian populations. This study investigated trimester\u2010specific alterations in plantar pressure, static and dynamic balance, and pain\u2010related functional interference in pregnant Taiwanese women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty\u2010eight pregnant women were prospectively assessed across six gestational time points (8\u201336\u00a0weeks). Plantar pressure distribution and static balance were measured using a pressure plate system (FOOTPLATEC), and dynamic balance was evaluated using the timed up and go (TUG) test. Pain severity and its interference with daily activities were recorded using the Brief Pain Inventory. Foot oedema was assessed using a standardised grading system to evaluate trimester\u2010specific changes. Repeated\u2010measures ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyses were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dynamic balance significantly declined across pregnancy, with TUG time increasing from 6.67\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.11\u00a0s at 8\u201312\u00a0weeks to 7.24\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.41\u00a0s at 33\u201336\u00a0weeks (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.11). Medial midfoot pressure increased by 19% (from 102.56\u00a0\u00b1\u00a022.24 to 122.08\u00a0\u00b1\u00a029.93\u00a0kPa;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). Mid\u2010pregnancy foot pain was inversely correlated with hallux (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u20130.17) and lesser toe pressures (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u20130.18; both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), whereas heel pressure in late pregnancy was positively associated with low back pain (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.23,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). TUG performance was consistently correlated with interference in daily activities throughout gestation (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.20\u20130.26,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Progressive redistribution of plantar loading and subtle balance changes were observed across gestation, which may contribute to discomfort and reduced mobility in some pregnant women. These findings support the importance of trimester\u2010specific biomechanical monitoring in prenatal care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jfa2.70094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T20:31:57Z","timestamp":1762201917000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Changes in Foot Biomechanics During Pregnancy: Associations With Plantar Pressure, Low Back Pain and Daily Function in Taiwanese Women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Meei\u2010Ling","family":"Gau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nurse\u2010Midwifery and Women Health National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui\u2010Mei","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nurse\u2010Midwifery and Women Health National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nurse\u2010Midwifery and Women Health National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu\u2010Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nurse\u2010Midwifery and Women Health National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3418-9668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wan\u2010Lin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","volume-title":"Maternity and Women\u2019s Health Care","author":"Lowdermilk D. 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