{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:52:18Z","timestamp":1787320338078,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Foot and Ankle Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2023 the International Working Group of the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) published definitions for the diagnosis, remission and relapse of active Charcot neuro\u2010osteoarthropathy (CN). Until 2023 authors had used varied definitions to identify the stages of CN making comparisons difficult. The aim of the current study was to illustrate variation in definitions used before 2023 and to encourage consistent terminology in future publications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Searches were conducted in OVID, Pubmed and CINAHL. Studies were included if they had a minimum of 10 participants and reported the outcomes of CN in conservative or pharmacological treatments in people with diabetes and CN. Included study designs were randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, non\u2010randomised controlled trials, case\u2010controls and case series. We excluded studies of surgical treatment of CN. Data collected included location of the study, study design and population. Definitions of each stage were compared to the IWGDF definitions through a scoring system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We screened 1758 titles, 143 abstracts and 63 full texts. We included 37 studies from 20 different countries. Scores comparing the studies' definitions to the published IWGDF guidelines for definitions ranged from a similarity of 17%\u2013100%. Six studies scored 100% with 31 studies missing aspects of the IWGDF definitions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Authors should use standardised definitions of the stages of CN to allow comparisons between studies to be accurately made. More work is needed to assess the variation in terminology within studies with CN treated surgically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jfa2.70106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T16:30:07Z","timestamp":1765211407000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["To Assess the Variation in the Definitions Used to Describe the Stages of Acute Charcot Neuro\u2010Osteoarthropathy (Diagnosis, Remission and Relapse): A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Dipen","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia  Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Gooday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Derbyshire Community Health Services NHS  Chesterfield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3619-9579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ketan","family":"Dhatariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia  Norwich UK"},{"name":"Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3646"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3653"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256\u2010020\u201003541\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100712464957"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402\u2010021\u201003881\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.6.796"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.f.01523"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072050-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999\u2010014\u20104059\u2010y"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"317","article-title":"Monitoring Healing of Acute Charcot\u2019s Arthropathy With Infrared Dermal Thermometry","volume":"34","author":"Armstrong D. G.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1096\u20109136(199705)14:5<357::aid\u2010dia341>3.3.co;2\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2012.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047\u2010019\u20100343\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/18\u2010197"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464\u20105491.2005.01677.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pdi.1960140604"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592\u2010019\u201001376\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endinu.2018.06.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","article-title":"The Clinical Course and Mortality of Persons the Clinical Course and Mortality of Persons With Diabetic Charcot Foot With Diabetic Charcot Foot","volume":"69","author":"Engberg S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Danish Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047\u2010021\u201000477\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2018.09.013"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Charcot Foot in a Hong Kong Chinese Diabetic Population","volume":"15","author":"Leung H.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hong Kong Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500502"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845\u2010016\u20101508\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/145749690209100212"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2012.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086\u2010200506000\u201000026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1056\u20108727(98)00006\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2015.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2018.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2007.10.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"The Role of the Walker in the Early Treatment of Charcot Foot","volume":"47","author":"Visan R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Publicat in Archives of Balkan Medical Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464\u20105491.2010.03141.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06\u20100376"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17\u20101517"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250100008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11\u20100396"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21\u20100008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.5.1214"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-7560(200009\/10)16:1 <::AID-DMRR134>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","first-page":"895","volume-title":"The Diabetic Foot","author":"Brodksy J.","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["Journal of Foot and Ankle Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jfa2.70106","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jfa2.70106","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jfa2.70106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T09:33:23Z","timestamp":1771320803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jfa2.70106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jfa2.70106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jfa2.70106","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-1146","1757-1146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-1146","type":"print"},{"value":"1757-1146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"article-number":"e70106"}}