{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:58:08Z","timestamp":1791266288422,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784332800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Foot and Ankle Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is a relatively uncommon compressive neuropathy of the posterior tibial nerve that is often underdiagnosed due to variable presentation and overlap with other conditions. As patients increasingly turn to YouTube for health information, concerns have arisen about the reliability and comprehensibility of such content.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      On December 23, 2024, YouTube was queried using the terms \u201ctarsal tunnel syndrome,\u201d \u201ctarsal tunnel release,\u201d and \u201ctarsal tunnel injection.\u201d After excluding duplicates, unrelated, non\u2010English, and short (&lt;\u00a030 seconds) videos, 88 were reviewed and the 50 most\u2010viewed were analyzed. Each was evaluated using three tools: the\n                      <jats:italic>Journal of the American Medical Association<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>JAMA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) benchmark criteria (0\u20134) for reliability, a 4\u2010point Likert scale for comprehensibility, and a 19\u2010point Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome\u2010Specific Score (TTS\u2010SS) for educational content. Video source, content type, and video power index (VPI) were also recorded. The Shapiro\u2013Wilk test assessed normality, and Kruskal\u2013Wallis and Wilcoxon rank sum tests compared group with Holm adjustment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median TTS\u2010SS educational content score was 5.2 (IQR 3.0\u20138.0). Mean\n                      <jats:italic>JAMA<\/jats:italic>\n                      and comprehensibility scores were 2.0 and 2.6, respectively. Only 10% of videos met\u00a0all four\n                      <jats:italic>JAMA<\/jats:italic>\n                      criteria, and fewer than 20% were rated as highly comprehensible. Disease\u2010specific videos had the highest TTS\u2010SS (mean = 6.8), while non\u2010surgical management scored lowest (mean = 2.8,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.025). Videos by trainers and physical therapists had higher VPI (mean = 338.4) than those by physicians (mean = 0.26,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), despite lower educational value. Surgical technique videos were least comprehensible (mean = 1.4) compared with other types (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the most\u2010viewed English\u2010language YouTube videos sampled at a single time point, content related to\u00a0TTS demonstrated generally low educational completeness, reliability, and comprehensibility. While healthcare professionals produce more accurate content, their videos attract less engagement than those by non\u2010physicians. Improving visibility of evidence\u2010based videos is necessary to ensure patients receive accurate information for this underrecognized condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jfa2.70180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T17:35:33Z","timestamp":1784396133000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Are YouTube Videos on Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Reliable? An In\u2010Depth Assessment of Educational Content, Source, and Audience Engagement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2608-5740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan H.","family":"Nishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii  Honolulu Hawaii USA"},{"name":"ALS and Neuromuscular Center and Neuromuscular Research Unit Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience  Honolulu Hawaii USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Tsuzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii  Honolulu Hawaii USA"},{"name":"ALS and Neuromuscular Center and Neuromuscular Research Unit Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience  Honolulu Hawaii USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii  Honolulu Hawaii USA"},{"name":"ALS and Neuromuscular Center and Neuromuscular Research Unit Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience  Honolulu Hawaii USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii  Honolulu Hawaii USA"},{"name":"ALS and Neuromuscular Center and Neuromuscular Research Unit Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience  Honolulu Hawaii USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John A. 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