{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:57:04Z","timestamp":1791266224236,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Foot and Ankle Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Footwear fit advice for patients and people with diabetes varies significantly. A review of the strength of evidence for footwear fit standards developed in peer\u2010reviewed studies is urgently needed both to inform future research and guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a systematic review to summarise and evaluate strength of evidence (GRADE) and risk of bias (Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale) of footwear fit standards in peer\u2010reviewed research studies involving people with diabetes through a search of Medline, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Wearing incorrect shoe size increased DFU risk by up to 10 times (OR 1.7,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001 to OR 10.4,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) based on 4 studies (risk of bias: poor (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a03) to good (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01), but GRADE strength of evidence was Low to Moderate). GRADE strength of evidence for recommended footwear length, width and depth were very low to low. No studies were found examining DFU risk or in\u2010shoe pressure in shoelace alternatives, varying toe box shapes, heel width or height.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Strength of evidence for current footwear fit guidelines is limited. Footwear fit guidance should currently be based on assessing adequate shoe size, with further research required to determine quantitative ranges for toe gaps, etc.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jfa2.70189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T03:41:54Z","timestamp":1784605314000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Science or Tradition? Strength of Evidence for Footwear Fit Guidelines From Peer\u2010Reviewed Studies of People With Diabetes\u2014A Foot in Diabetes UK Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9340-9168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra J.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester Diabetes Centre University Hospitals of Leicester Leicester General Hospital  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Diabetes Research Centre University of Leicester Leicester General Hospital  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoforos","family":"Vlachopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthotics and Prosthetics Hampshire and Isle of Wight Healthcare NHS Trust  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