{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T19:45:14Z","timestamp":1792611914179,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POIR.04.01.04\u201000\u20100035\/19\u201000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIR.04.01.04\u201000\u20100035\/19\u201000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Foot and Ankle Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introductions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with cerebral palsy (CP) commonly exhibit neuromuscular impairments that affect ankle motion during gait. These include hypertonia, muscle weakness, poor selective motor control, and restricted range\u2010of\u2010motion. However, their individual and combined impacts on sagittal ankle kinematics remain unclear. This study aimed to quantify the relative contribution of these impairments on ankle motion during gait in children with spastic CP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 132 children with spastic CP, 264 limbs, underwent clinical assessments, and three\u2010dimensional gait analysis. Clinical tests evaluated muscle strength, hypertonia, selective motor control, and passive ankle range\u2010of\u2010motion. Ankle angles were measured at five key gait events: initial contact, loading response, terminal stance, preswing, and mid\u2010swing. Multiple linear regression models examined the association between impairments and ankle kinematics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Soleus shortening explained 8% of the variance in ankle position at initial contact. Mid\u2010swing dorsiflexion was influenced by soleus shortening, triceps surae hypertonia, and impaired plantarflexor selective motor control, accounting for 25% of the variance. The change from initial contact to mid\u2010swing was similarly explained around 15%, with hypertonia emerging as the strongest predictor. No clinical variables significantly explained stance\u2010phase kinematics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Soleus length, plantarflexor hypertonia, and selective motor control impairments partially explain swing\u2010phase ankle motion but not stance\u2010phase kinematics. These findings suggest that standard clinical assessments have limited value in predicting weight\u2010bearing gait function. Comprehensive evaluations incorporating objective biomechanical measures are needed to guide individualized treatment planning in children with CP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jfa2.70195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T19:19:04Z","timestamp":1792610344000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predictive Contribution of Clinical Measures of Ankle Neuromuscular Impairments to Ankle Kinematic Deviations During Gait in Children With Cerebral Palsy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2406-2022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faustyna","family":"Manikowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology Gait and Motion Analysis Laboratory Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences  Pozna\u0144 Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9536-8558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabina","family":"Brazevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology Gait and Motion Analysis Laboratory Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences  Pozna\u0144 Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1651-4503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian Po\u2010Jung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Motion Analysis Laboratory, Bone and Joint Research Center Chang Gung Memorial Hospital\u2013Linkou  Taoyuan City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"J\u00f3\u017awiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology Gait and Motion Analysis Laboratory Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences  Pozna\u0144 Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria K.","family":"Lebiedowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Perry\u2019s Gait Analysis","author":"Burnfield J.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658000800510"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1083\u20107515(02)00049\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s001216220500112x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005\u20103016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108749.2007.tb12610.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398\u2010200209000\u201000020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.07.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2058\u20105241.1.000052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2005.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00185"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43465\u2010022\u201000691\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","unstructured":"H. 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