{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:42:38Z","timestamp":1780706558139,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Genetic Counseling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Psychiatric genetic counseling (GC) has been associated with patient\u2010reported increases in empowerment (perceived control, emotional regulation, and hope). We sought to evaluate the extent to which patients' psychological state at the time of GC is related to changes in empowerment. Participants with a history of major depressive disorder and\/or bipolar disorder that had been refractory to treatment underwent psychiatric GC remotely from 2022 to 2023. GC was performed by four genetic counselors and included discussion of perceived causes of illness, multifactorial inheritance, and protective factors. Empowerment, depression, and anxiety were measured immediately prior to GC via online survey by the GCOS\u201016, PHQ\u20109, and GAD\u20107, respectively. Empowerment was re\u2010assessed 2\u2009weeks later. In total, 66\/161 (41.0%) invited individuals completed both the baseline and follow\u2010up surveys. Participants completing both surveys were 54.6% female, 84.8% white, and ranged in age from 22 to 78\u2009years (mean\u2009=\u200954.8\u2009years). Overall, a significant change in mean empowerment was not observed (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.38); however, there were moderating effects by baseline psychological state. A multiple linear regression model incorporating PHQ\u20109, GAD\u20107 and baseline GCOS\u201016 score predicted change in empowerment with a large effect (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095.49, <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.21, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). A higher score on the PHQ\u20109 was associated with decreases in empowerment from pre to post GC. Higher scores on the GAD\u20107 and lower baseline GCOS\u201016 scores were associated with increases in empowerment. Further, two\u2010way ANOVA was conducted to assess change in empowerment between subgroups based on the level of anxiety and depression. Those with low depression and high anxiety reported significant increases in empowerment (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096.64, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). These findings suggest that psychiatric GC may be especially helpful to individuals experiencing anxiety and low baseline empowerment. Alternative approaches may be needed to best meet the needs of those experiencing significant depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.1949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T03:44:56Z","timestamp":1720669496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Psychological state at the time of psychiatric genetic counseling impacts patient empowerment: A pre\u2013post analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8253-5441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel Gore","family":"Moses","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centralized Sequencing Program National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6640-8963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colleen","family":"Jodarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centralized Sequencing Program National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6652-5446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Setzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centralized Sequencing Program National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie L.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centralized Sequencing Program National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0506-5957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centralized Sequencing Program National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Byers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centralized Sequencing Program National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mani","family":"Yavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth D.","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Walkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centralized Sequencing Program National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Carlos A.","family":"Zarate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jehannine C.","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0403-2689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgan","family":"Similuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centralized Sequencing Program National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland 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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health. Retrieved December 13 2021 fromhttps:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/about\/strategic\u2010planning\u2010reports\/NIMH\u2010Strategic\u2010Plan\u2010for\u2010Research\u20102021\u2010Update.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.1128"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"}],"container-title":["Journal of Genetic Counseling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jgc4.1949","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T11:38:00Z","timestamp":1742729880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jgc4.1949"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jgc4.1949"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgc4.1949","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-7700","1573-3599"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-7700","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3599","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e1949"}}