{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T12:03:47Z","timestamp":1781006627107,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Genetic Counseling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Despite significant growth of the genetic counseling profession worldwide, there are differences between genetic counseling training programs (GCPs), professional standards, and professional regulation. Certification of genetic counselors (GCs) in Canada was previously managed by the Certification Board of the Canadian Association of Genetic Counsellors and is now the responsibility of the Canadian Board of Genetic Counselling \u2010 Conseil Canadien de Conseil G\u00e9n\u00e9tique (CBGC). Since 2007, individuals who attended a Master's level GCP, irrespective of location, have been eligible to sit for the Canadian certification exam. However, the CBGC Board of Directors has observed lower exam pass rates for candidates who attended GCPs outside North America compared to candidates who attended GCPs accredited by the Accreditation Council of Genetic Counseling (ACGC). Anonymized line\u2010level data for candidates who first applied to write the Canadian certification exam between 2007 and 2025 were extracted from the CBGC records. Pass rates were significantly higher for first\u2010time test\u2010takers who attended ACGC\u2010accredited GCPs (227\/246, 92.3%) than those who attended GCPs outside North America (18\/37, 48.6%) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). However, pass rates were not significantly different between candidates who attended an ACGC\u2010accredited GCP in Canada and those who attended an ACGC\u2010accredited GCP in the United States (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.48). A variety of factors, including differences in training program content and developmental endpoints, differences in GC roles and scope, and cultural, religious, and societal influences, may underlie the difference in pass rates observed here. Given its dedication to diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice efforts, as well as development of the genetic counseling profession worldwide, the CBGC will endeavor to develop resources that support exam performance for all candidates, including those who trained at international GCPs. However, the CBGC must balance these efforts with its ultimate purpose to protect the Canadian public by upholding certification standards for Canadian GCs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.70203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T08:15:36Z","timestamp":1775204136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Canadian certification exam pass rates are impacted by genetic counseling program location: A review of Canadian Board of Genetic Counselling data from 2007 to 2025"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6010-6339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Krutish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Board of Genetic Counselling  Oakville Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Vanneste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Board of Genetic Counselling  Oakville Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Canadian Board of Genetic Counselling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431\u2010018\u20100252\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"Accreditation Council for Genetic Counseling. (2023).Practice\u2010based competencies for genetic counselors. McLean VA. Report.https:\/\/www.gceducation.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/ACGC_PracticeBasedCompetencies_2023.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897\u2010013\u20109574\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gimo.2024.101872"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","volume-title":"The SAGE encyclopedia of educational research, measurement, and evaluation","author":"Bellara A.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","unstructured":"Canadian Association of Genetic Counsellors. (2006).Code of ethics for Canadian genetic counsellors. Oakville ON. Report.https:\/\/www.cagc\u2010accg.ca\/?page=354"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","unstructured":"Canadian Association of Genetic Counsellors. (2016).Code of professional conduct. Oakville ON. Report.https:\/\/www.cagc\u2010accg.ca\/?page=354"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","unstructured":"Canadian Board of Genetic Counselling. (2025a).Exam content outline (formerly Knowledge\u2010based competencies for Canadian genetic counsellors). Oakville ON. Report.https:\/\/www.cbgc\u2010cccg.ca\/doc\/Exam_Content_Outline_FormerKBCs.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","unstructured":"Canadian Board of Genetic Counselling. (2025b).Core competencies for genetic counsellors in Canada. Oakville ON. 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(n.d.).Transnational Alliance for Genetic Counseling.https:\/\/sc.edu\/study\/colleges_schools\/medicine\/centers_and_institutes_new\/transnational_alliance_for_genetic_counseling\/index.php"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gimo.2024.101855"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897\u2010012\u20109560\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gimo.2024.101862"}],"container-title":["Journal of Genetic Counseling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jgc4.70203","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jgc4.70203","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jgc4.70203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T11:32:47Z","timestamp":1781004767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jgc4.70203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jgc4.70203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgc4.70203","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-7700","1573-3599"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-7700","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3599","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70203"}}