{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T09:02:17Z","timestamp":1779958937963,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Genetic Counseling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The current study assessed prenatal genetic counselors' experiences, comfort levels, and preparedness in discussing adoption as a pregnancy management option following a prenatal diagnosis of a non\u2010life\u2010limiting anomaly and\/or genetic condition. This study also evaluated factors influencing adoption counseling and characterized adoption\u2010specific education in genetic counseling program (GCP) curricula, serving as an updated review since the landscape of adoption education in GC practice was last characterized over a decade ago, which revealed substantial variability in both adoption\u2010specific education in genetic counseling program (GCP) curricula and the discussion of pregnancy management options with patients in prenatal practice. An anonymous online survey was distributed to board\u2010certified\/eligible genetic counselors with prenatal experience in the U.S. and Canada (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009148). Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and statistical tests including Mann\u2013Whitney\n                    <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                    , Kruskal\u2013Wallis, Fisher's exact, and multivariable ordinal logistic models (StataCorp, 2021) to determine statistical significance (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Only 32% of participants reported adoption\u2010specific education in their GCP curriculum. Counselors were least comfortable discussing adoption (80% somewhat\/very comfortable) compared to abortion (94%) and parenting (97%). Comfort levels increased with years of experience (OR\u2009=\u20091.12, 95% CI [1.06\u20131.19]) and when certain adoption resources were identified in prenatal practice (e.g., agencies, support groups). Key factors influencing frequency of adoption discussions included direct patient inquiries (91%) and abortion restrictions in restrictive U.S. states (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The study's findings highlighted a persistent lack of adoption\u2010specific educational opportunities and discomfort with counseling on adoption as a pregnancy management option. Therefore, targeted training, particularly experiential learning (e.g., patient panels, guest lecturers), and identification of adoption resources that were associated with higher comfort levels counseling on adoption should be implemented to improve balanced options counseling for patients following prenatal detection of a non\u2010life\u2010limiting anomaly or genetic diagnosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.70229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T08:06:07Z","timestamp":1779955567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inclusion of adoption as a pregnancy management option in prenatal genetic counseling practice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4391-4924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Billings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Dunnington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meagan","family":"Choates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed S.","family":"Hashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Morand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch School of Medicine  Galveston Texas USA"},{"name":"Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Medical Branch  Galveston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Promecene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Down Syndrome Adoption Network  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Czerwinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","unstructured":"Accreditation Council for Genetic Counseling. (2023).Practice\u2010based competencies for Genetic Counselors.https:\/\/www.nsgc.org\/Portals\/0\/Docs\/Education\/ACGC\u2010Core\u2010Competencies\u2010Brochure_15_Web.pdf?ver=cvdeod3i\u2010hMx0Hy1h9l0ww%3D%3D"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","volume-title":"Access to reproductive options after prenatal diagnosis\u2014Patient access and physician responsibilities: An updated position statement of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) (1)","author":"American College of Medical Genetics Board of Directors","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","volume-title":"ACOG committee opinion no. 528: Adoption","author":"American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology Committee on Ethics","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2023.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","unstructured":"Canada Health Act. (1985).Canada Health Act RSC c C\u20106.https:\/\/canlii.ca\/t\/532qv"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","unstructured":"Canadian Association of Genetic Counsellors. (2012).Practice based competencies for Canadian Genetic Counsellors; adopted.https:\/\/www.cbgc\u2010cccg.ca\/doc\/Practice%20Based%20Competencies.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","volume-title":"Practice bulletin no. 162: Prenatal diagnostic testing for genetic disorders","author":"Committee on Practice Bulletins\u2010Obstetrics Committee on Genetics & Society for Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","unstructured":"Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption. (2002).National adoption attitudes survey.https:\/\/www.davethomasfoundation.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/dtfa\u2010pdfs\/2002\u2010adoption\u2010attitudes\u2010survey.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2022.100790"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897\u2010012\u20109484\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897\u2010013\u20109651\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2017.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conx.2023.100090"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","unstructured":"Guttmacher Institute. (2023).Interactive Map: US abortion policies and access after roe.https:\/\/states.guttmacher.org\/policies\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2022.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970151304"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","unstructured":"Mates K.(2008).Adoption and genetic counseling: Assessing the need for adoption education. Unpublished master's thesis Brandeis University."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2021.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","unstructured":"NSGC. (2023).NSGC professional status survey: Report.https:\/\/www.nsgc.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","unstructured":"Oksala C.(2007).Genetic counselors' experiences with presenting adoption after a prenatally diagnosed fetal abnormality. Unpublished master's thesis Boston University."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897\u2010010\u20109288\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2015.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2016.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","volume-title":"Stata: Release 17. 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