{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:51:17Z","timestamp":1791478277242,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Genetic Counseling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study was aimed at translating the University of North Carolina Genomic Knowledge Scale (UNC\u2010GKS) and evaluating its reliability and validity in assessing genomic knowledge among Japanese patients who received an explanation of whole\u2010exome sequencing (WES) in a clinical setting. The scale was translated according to the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research guidelines using forward\u2013backward procedures with harmonization, followed by cognitive debriefing using an open\u2010ended questionnaire. Participant feedback was qualitatively reviewed and informed revisions to the placement of the explanatory text. The participants were 189 parents of pediatric patients who had undergone, or were scheduled to undergo, WES as part of the Japanese Initiative on Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases. The UNC\u2010GKS was translated according to the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research guidelines. A survey package including sociodemographic data, the UNC\u2010GKS Japanese version and the 14\u2010item Health Literacy Scale (HLS\u201014) was distributed via post and online between August and September 2022. A retest was conducted 2\u2009weeks later. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's \u03b1 and test\u2013retest reliability with intraclass correlation. Construct validity was examined via correlations with the HLS\u201014 scores and background factors. The UNC\u2010GKS Japanese version demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.94) and sufficient test\u2013retest reliability (ICC for total score\u2009=\u20090.90; 95% CI: 0.81\u20130.94; item\u2010level ICCs ranged from 0.42 to 0.84, with no negative test\u2013retest correlations). While content validity was ensured through a structured translation process, construct validity with HLS\u201014 was not supported. The UNC\u2010GKS Japanese version is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing genomic knowledge among Japanese patients who have received an explanation of WES. Future research should explore the association between numeracy and alternative health literacy measures to better understand convergent validity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.70266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T11:55:51Z","timestamp":1784894151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cross\u2010Cultural Adaptation of the University of North Carolina Genomic Knowledge Scale: Translation and Psychometric Validation in Japanese Populations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8044-4757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nozomi","family":"Hadano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Sciences Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Koto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing Kansai Medical University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Sciences Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s10038\u2010020\u20100806\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141532"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2017.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147232"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/AMEP.S337756"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2015.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15405\/epsbs.2017.12.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12687\u2010018\u20100363\u20107"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"433","article-title":"Rapid Assessment of Literacy Levels of Adult Primary Care Patients","volume":"23","author":"Davis T. 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