{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:02:34Z","timestamp":1790229754605,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Genetic Counseling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>AI\u2010driven chatbots have been utilized in healthcare to automate administrative tasks, improve patient education, and expand access to medical information; however, their role in genetic counseling remains underexplored. To investigate the adoption, perceptions, and potential utility of AI\u2010based chatbots in genetic counseling practice, 217 genetic counselors and genetic counseling students from across North America were surveyed regarding chatbot usage, confidence in their application, and perceived benefits and limitations. While most participants (166\/217; 76.5%) reported using general AI chatbots outside of clinical settings, far fewer (18\/204; 8.8%) reported using or recommending clinical genetics chatbots in clinical practice. For those that used clinical genetics chatbots, the primary purpose was for communication with at\u2010risk family members (11\/18; 61.1%) and patient education (10\/18; 55.6%). Confidence in chatbot technology varied, with highest confidence in gathering family history information (81\/199; 40.7%) and lowest confidence in their ability to disclose variants of uncertain significance or positive genetic testing results (5\/199; 2.5%). The greatest perceived benefits included reducing repetitive tasks (165\/195, 84.6%) and allowing for time for other tasks (141\/195; 72.3%), while major concerns revolved around patient comprehension (167\/195; 85.6%) and having accurate, up\u2010to\u2010date information (145\/195; 74.4%). Despite some concern about AI replacing human counselors, most participants reported they felt there was potential for chatbots to enhance workflow efficiency (128\/195; 65.6%) if properly integrated and regulated. Limited AI training was identified as a barrier to adoption (16\/195; 8.2% received training), highlighting a need for structured education on AI applications in genetic counseling. These findings suggest that AI chatbots hold promise as supplementary tools, but significant challenges must be addressed before widespread implementation in genetic counseling practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.70296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:34:36Z","timestamp":1790228076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Artificial Intelligence\u2010Based Chatbots in Genetic Counseling Practice: Current Uptake, Utilization, and Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7045-7843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Daley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Counseling Program, School of Health &amp; Natural Sciences Bay Path University  Longmeadow Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7596-4062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa","family":"Griswold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Counseling Program, School of Health &amp; Natural Sciences Bay Path University  Longmeadow Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6170-2997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Counseling Program, School of Health &amp; Natural Sciences Bay Path University  Longmeadow Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2793-7197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyson Evans","family":"Floyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomic Health Geisinger Health  Danville Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3022-9378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dat","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Emerging Analytics National Human Genome Research Institute  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8826-1023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin D.","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Emerging Analytics National Human Genome Research Institute  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8635-7542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebekah L.","family":"Waikel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Emerging Analytics National Human Genome Research Institute  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.63493"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","unstructured":"Bai Y. S.Kadavath S.Kundu et\u00a0al.2022.\u201cConstitutional AI: Harmlessness From AI Feedback. arXiv Preprint arXiv:2212.08073.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gim.2026.102645"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.1319"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","article-title":"Review of Artificial Intelligence\u2010Based Question\u2010Answering Systems in Healthcare","volume":"13","author":"Budler L. C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics USDoL.2026.\u201cOccupational Outlook Handbook Genetic Counselors.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.bls.gov\/ooh\/healthcare\/genetic\u2010counselors.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.1485"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/65848"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431\u2010024\u201001782\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.70065"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31599"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897\u2010017\u20100158\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","unstructured":"National Society of Genetic Counselors.2026.\u201cThe Use of Artificial Intelligence in Genetic Counseling.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.nsgc.org\/Advocacy\/Position\u2010Statements\/Position\u2010Statements\/Post\/the\u2010use\u2010of\u2010artificial\u2010intelligence\u2010in\u2010genetic\u2010counseling."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.1359"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27730","DOI":"10.52202\/068431-2011","article-title":"Training Language Models to Follow Instructions With Human Feedback","volume":"35","author":"Ouyang L.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.1181"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000237"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.1169"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.70045"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2021.09.027","article-title":"Ask Rosa\u2013the Making of a Digital Genetic Conversation Tool, a Chatbot, About Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer","volume":"105","author":"Siglen E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Patient Education and Counseling"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/73391","article-title":"Bridging Technology and Pretest Genetic Services: Quantitative Study of Chatbot Interaction Patterns, User Characteristics, and Genetic Testing Decisions","volume":"27","author":"Yi Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"}],"container-title":["Journal of Genetic Counseling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jgc4.70296","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jgc4.70296","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jgc4.70296","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:34:38Z","timestamp":1790228078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jgc4.70296"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jgc4.70296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgc4.70296","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-7700","1573-3599"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-7700","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3599","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70296"}}