{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T02:32:23Z","timestamp":1784255543057,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,16]],"date-time":"2020-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gen and Family Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous clinical studies have reported that Shakuyaku\u2010kanzo\u2010to (SKT) has a therapeutic effect on muscle cramps, but few studies have clarified how SKT acts to treat muscle cramps. The aim of this study was to perform an updated systematic review of clinical trials for SKT in patients with muscle cramps.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The literature was systematically reviewed to assess the effects of SKT in patients with muscle cramps. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Ichushi\u2010Web were searched using the terms \u201cShakuyaku\u2010kanzo\u2010to\u201d (\u201cshakuyakukanzoto\u201d, etc), \u201cclinical trials\u201d and \u201cmuscle cramps\u201d. Two quality assessments were conducted independently by three authors. Data were extracted using a standardized extraction tool, and a qualitative synthesis of evidence was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three randomized controlled articles were identified and enrolled in this study. A systematic review, but not a meta\u2010analysis, was performed because of the high heterogeneity and limited number of studies. In patients with liver cirrhosis, the odds ratio (OR) for improvement with SKT compared to placebo was 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.445\u20102.086) and compared to Goshajinkigan was 0.81 (95%CI, \u22121.734\u20100.114). The OR for improvement with SKT compared with eperisone hydrochloride in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis was 2.86 (95%CI, 0.980\u20104.744).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current evidence appears insufficient to allow a meta\u2010analysis of the effects of SKT, but SKT might show efficacy in treating muscle cramps in patients with cirrhosis or lumbar spinal stenosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgf2.302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T04:59:15Z","timestamp":1581915555000},"page":"56-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effect of Shakuyaku\u2010kanzo\u2010to in patients with muscle cramps: A systematic literature review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1461-7031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koshi","family":"Ota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Osaka Medical College Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center Osaka Medical College Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Osaka Medical College Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Osaka Medical College Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanna","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Osaka Medical College Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahide","family":"Sakaue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Osaka Medical College Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Osaka Medical College Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Takasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Osaka Medical College Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2018.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13799"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-015-0890-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.08227FP"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3736\/jcim20090918"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.6.377"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"499","article-title":"Effects of Shakuyaku\u2010kanzo\u2010to (Tsumura TJ\u201068) on muscle cramps accompanying cirrhosis in a placebo\u2010controlled double\u2010blind parallel study","volume":"15","author":"Kumada T","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Ther Med (Rinsho Iyaku)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"A randomised paralleled group comparison in multicenter cooperation: analgesic effect and safety of Goshajinkigan and Shakuyakukanzoto in the treatment of painful muscle cramp in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"10","author":"Nishizawa Y","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain kampo"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"E132","article-title":"Shakuyaku\u2010kanzo\u2010to (Shao\u2010Yao\u2010Gan\u2010Cao\u2010Tang) as treatment of painful muscle cramps in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and its minimum effective dose","volume":"61","author":"Takao Y","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kobe J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X03001144"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000093256"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"865","article-title":"Effects of Shakuyaku\u2010kanzo\u2010to on painful nocturnal leg cramp caused by diabetic neuropahty","volume":"49","author":"Miura Y","year":"1999","journal-title":"Japanese J Orient Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000368812"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-008-0304-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i5.760"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-014-0835-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12618"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000312"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-008-0508-z"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"2545","article-title":"Preventive effect of traditional Japanese medicine on neurotoxicity of FOLFOX for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicenter retrospective study","volume":"32","author":"Hosokawa A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2008.0397"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"244","article-title":"Case of severe hypokalemia during emergency surgery caused by long\u2010term administration of Shakuyaku\u2010kanzo\u2010to","volume":"60","author":"Yasuda T","year":"2011","journal-title":"Masui"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1968.03140330034006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/yakushi.126.973"}],"container-title":["Journal of General and Family Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jgf2.302","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jgf2.302","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jgf2.302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T12:50:56Z","timestamp":1693918256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jgf2.302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,16]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jgf2.302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgf2.302","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2189-7948","2189-7948"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2189-7948","type":"print"},{"value":"2189-7948","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-12-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}