{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:20:46Z","timestamp":1747149646520,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]],"date-time":"2020-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gen and Family Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recently, the spread of multidrug\u2010resistant bacteria has become a global problem. Extended\u2010spectrum beta\u2010lactamase (ESBL)\u2010producing <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic> (enterobacteria) is one example. The incidence of urinary tract infections caused by ESBL\u2010producing enterobacteria has been increasing in some Japanese community settings. Currently, there is insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of oral antibiotics used for the treatment of pyelonephritis caused by ESBL\u2010producing enterobacteria. We investigated the effectiveness of oral antibacterial agents against pyelonephritis caused by ESBL\u2010producing <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The records of patients who had been treated for pyelonephritis caused by ESBL\u2010producing enterobacteria with oral antibiotics between April 1, 2014, and March 31, 2019, were reviewed retrospectively to assess the effectiveness of oral antibiotic treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of seven cases were identified, including 1 patient with a positive blood culture and one patient with a Pitt bacteremia score of four points, indicating that the infections were severe. The antibiotics used to treat pyelonephritis were amoxicillin\u2010clavulanic acid (n\u00a0=\u00a03), minocycline (n\u00a0=\u00a01), levofloxacin (n\u00a0=\u00a03), and sulfamethoxazole\u2010trimethoprim with amoxicillin\u2010clavulanic acid (n\u00a0=\u00a01). None of the patients had recurrence of pyelonephritis in the 60\u00a0days following oral antibiotic treatment, and there were no deaths during the 60\u2010day follow\u2010up period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These antibiotics should be considered for oral treatment of pyelonephritis caused by ESBL\u2010producing enterobacteria. However, as there is insufficient evidence available on the effectiveness of these antibiotics for the management of ESBL\u2010producing enterobacterial infections, further large\u2010scale prospective studies are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgf2.320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]],"date-time":"2020-04-10T14:33:45Z","timestamp":1586529225000},"page":"127-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effectiveness of oral antibiotics for treating pyelonephritis caused by extended\u2010spectrum beta\u2010lactamase\u2010producing <i>Enterobacteriaceae<\/i>: A case series"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4619-3445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norihiko","family":"Terada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital Suntou\u2010gun Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoya","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital Suntou\u2010gun Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanako","family":"Kurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital Suntou\u2010gun Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2016.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00023-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.12.4574-4581.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00079-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.12163"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi.89.567"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"ReAct.Action on Antibiotic Resistance.2012[cited 2020 Jan 17].http:\/\/www.reactgroup.org\/uploads\/react\/resources\/195\/Burden.of%20Antibiotic%20Resistance%20\u2010%20ReAct%20Facts%202012.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008305"},{"volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 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