{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:06:14Z","timestamp":1787162774818,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gen and Family Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We performed a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis to re\u2010evaluate the effectiveness of angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE\u2010I) in the reduction of pneumonia risk. We searched relevant publications in five databases. All studies included patients older than 18\u00a0years, who had used ACE\u2010I as an intervention, and had assessed pneumonia. Seven RCTs (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a08704) and 38 observational studies (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a01,705,030) were included. The overall risk of bias was high. ACE\u2010I\u2010treated patients were associated with a slightly lower risk of pneumonia, both from pooled estimates of RCTs [pooled odds ratio (OR), 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.62\u20130.90; low certainty of evidence] and observational studies (pooled OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78\u20130.92; very low certainty of evidence). Considering the small effect size of ACE\u2010I in preventing pneumonia and the low quality of the evidence, routine use of ACE\u2010I for pneumonia prevention is not recommended.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgf2.532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:29:57Z","timestamp":1646958597000},"page":"217-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effectiveness of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in preventing pneumonia: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2475-9591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideki","family":"Tsunoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Shiga University of Medical Science  Otsu Japan"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Shadyside  Pittsburgh PA USA"},{"name":"Scientific Research Works Peer Support Group (SRWS\u2010PSG)  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Okami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Works Peer Support Group (SRWS\u2010PSG)  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"NCD Epidemiology Research Center Shiga University of Medical Science  Otsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6805-8108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital  Hamamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Shiroshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Works Peer Support Group (SRWS\u2010PSG)  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of pulmonology Kameda Medical Center  Kamogawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7982-5213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Works Peer Support Group (SRWS\u2010PSG)  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Kyoto Min\u2010Iren Asukai Hospital  Sakyo\u2010ku Japan"},{"name":"Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Sakyo\u2010ku Japan"},{"name":"Department of Healthcare Epidemiology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine\/ School of Public Health  Sakyo\u2010ku Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Tsujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Works Peer Support Group (SRWS\u2010PSG)  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Sakyo\u2010ku Japan"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Dialysis Kyoritsu Hospital  Kawanishi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Shiga University of Medical Science  Otsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1312885"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(15)60733\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(18)30310\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Pneumonia.Data for the US. 2021. 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