{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:15:21Z","timestamp":1780359321812,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gen and Family Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies indicated a significant association between mental disorders and cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure (HF) and coronary artery disease (CAD) with comorbidity hypertension (HTN), and vice versa, leading to a challenge in the final decision. To resolve this issue, we aimed to exclude comorbidities and further assessed to better find any association between mental disorders and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cross\u2010sectional study involved 300 participants: 100 with HTN (without HF or CAD), 100 with HF (without HTN or CAD), 100 with CAD (without HTN or HF), and 100 healthy individuals as a control group. To evaluate depression, anxiety, and stress levels, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale \u2013 21 (DASS\u201021) was applied. For further analysis, the SPSS <jats:italic>ver.<\/jats:italic>20 was used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis showed that the score of depression, anxiety, and stress was higher in the HTN patients compared to the control (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), CAD (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and HF (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) groups, respectively. However, no significant differences were observed between the other study groups. Notably, patients with HF and CAD without concurrent HTN had similar psychological distress levels to healthy participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study emphasized the higher prevalence of psychological distress in HTN patients and suggests a requirement for further research regarding the etiology involved in this association.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgf2.696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T11:43:15Z","timestamp":1714045395000},"page":"198-205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Strict association between development of psychological conditions and hypertension incidence: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hossein","family":"Namdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Jamshidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3942-7848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aysa","family":"Rezabakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davoud","family":"Ezzati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, School of Psychology University of Tabriz  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raana","family":"Zakeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Iranian International Safe Community Support Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyed\u2010Reza","family":"Sadat\u2010Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Experimental Cardiology Research Center Ruhr University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.962"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(15)31026-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). 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