{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:57:06Z","timestamp":1753869426322,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gen and Family Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given that acute bacterial meningitis (ABM), as community\u2010acquired meningitis, is considered a life\u2010threatening medical emergency, early diagnosis and immediate onset of antibiotic therapy are of great importance. Here, we aimed to compare both the laboratory and glucometer assessment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)\/serum glucose ratio in patients with suspected ABM. In addition, the prognostic value of the CSF\/serum glucose ratio on the mortality rate was also evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cross\u2010sectional, single\u2010center study, all demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who attended the emergency department were evaluated. A total of 200 patients with clinical suspicion of ABM underwent lumbar puncture (LP) and were simultaneously recruited for CSF and serum glucose measurement using both laboratory tests and a point\u2010of\u2010care glucometer device. Data analysis was performed using SPSS <jats:italic>ver<\/jats:italic>. 20.0.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of 200 suspected subjects with a mean age of 52.66\u2009\u00b1\u20096.64\u2009years (male\u2009=\u2009113, 56.5%), 23 patients (11.5%) were identified with confirmed ABM. The study findings showed a close correlation between the laboratory and glucometer\u2010measured CSF\/serum glucose ratio. The sensitivity and specificity of the glucose ratio measured by the laboratory test were 91.3% and 86.4%, respectively. A similar result was also observed by glucometer measurement (Sensitivity: 91.3%, Specificity: 89.3%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). However, the mean time needed for CSF glucose measurement was significantly longer in the laboratory method compared to the glucometer\u2010based assessment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Notably, the CSF\/serum glucose ratio was considerably lower in deceased patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the similar accuracy of the CSF\/serum glucose ratio using either a laboratory test or glucometer for ABM diagnosis, the present study highlighted that the laboratory turnaround time was significantly improved using a glucometer, which could be considered a reliable aid to the prognosis of mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgf2.70004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T05:33:52Z","timestamp":1740029632000},"page":"305-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early detection of cerebrospinal fluid\/serum glucose ratio: A promising value for mortality prognosis in patients with acute bacterial meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Nasrin","family":"Khodashenas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Trauma Care Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3760-572X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rouzbeh","family":"Rajaei Ghafouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Trauma Care Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asghar","family":"Jafari Rouhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Trauma Care Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moloud","family":"Balafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Trauma Care Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/oaem.s69975"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.12.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-020-00098-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/jcdr\/2017\/28114.10532"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356\u2010021\u201016570\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-022-00448-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09318-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26618"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030535"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","article-title":"Current patient management for bacterial meningitis simultaneously affected by stroke","volume":"16","author":"Wong S","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1865-1380-7-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2009.075598"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-014-1357-z"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Acute bacterial meningitis: diagnosis, treatment and prevention","volume":"6","author":"Mehrdadi S","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Arch Mil Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15544"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36996"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1111080"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000000495"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.12.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2013.11.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2013.03.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102334\u20109\u201057"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hci047"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04347-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2016.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-07999-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2020.6.25118"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Correlation between CSF glucose estimation using glucometers against the conventional laboratory technique in determining bacterial meningitis: an Indian study","volume":"68","author":"Sanjith S","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"}],"container-title":["Journal of General and Family Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jgf2.70004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T13:00:57Z","timestamp":1752066057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jgf2.70004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jgf2.70004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgf2.70004","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2189-7948","2189-7948"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2189-7948"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2189-7948"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}