{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T16:40:05Z","timestamp":1756831205422,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gen and Family Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) is a urinary tract infection and is generally treated using antimicrobial therapy. <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> is the main causative agent of AUC. Recently, the prevalence of fluoroquinolone (FQ)\u2010resistant\u2010<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> has demonstrated a noticeable increase. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of appropriate antimicrobial treatment in AUC caused by <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> in real\u2010world clinical settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective cohort study reviewed the records of patients with AUC treated at the urology department of Minami Cooperative Hospital between April 2016 and December 2020. Effectiveness was defined as clinical improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study cohort of 730 patients had a median age of 65.5\u2009years (interquartile range, 57\u201378\u2009years) and 23.2% were aged &lt;55\u2009years. <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> was detected in 73.4% of patients, of whom 26.7% had levofloxacin (LVFX)\u2010resistant strains. LVFX\u2010resistant <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> was associated with age \u226555\u2009years and recurrent cases. Effectiveness was determined in 75.1% of cases, of which 75% complied with the Japanese or other international guidelines. The overall treatment effectiveness was highest with \u03b2\u2010lactam (BL)\/\u03b2\u2010lactamase inhibitor (BLI) combinations (94.7%). The effectiveness of first\u2010 and third\u2010generation cephalosporins (CPs) was 81.1\u201383.3%, and that of FQs and sulfamethoxazole\u2013trimethoprim (ST) was 82.6\u201383.8%. For LVFX\u2010resistant <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, the treatment effectiveness was highest (100%) with BL\/BLI combinations, intermediate (75\u201381%) with first\u2010 and third\u2010generation CPs and ST, and lowest (50%) with FQs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>BL\/BLI combinations had the highest effectiveness for the treatment of AUC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgf2.70034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T03:19:43Z","timestamp":1747883983000},"page":"451-457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating antimicrobial effectiveness in acute uncomplicated cystitis: A retrospective single\u2010center study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9902-1694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuhisa","family":"Nukaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Fujita Health University School of Medicine  Nagoya Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyohito","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Fujita Health University School of Medicine  Nagoya Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryoichi","family":"Shiroki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Fujita Health University School of Medicine  Nagoya Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00862\u201020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33073\/pjm\u20102019\u2010048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases and Japanese Society of Chemotherapy.JAID\/JSC guide to the treatment of infectious diseases.2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"479","article-title":"Guidelines for conducting clinical trials on urogenital infections \u2013 2nd edition","volume":"64","author":"Arakawa S","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nippon Kagakuryoho Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"American Urological Association.Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women. 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