{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T07:04:48Z","timestamp":1785135888191,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gen and Family Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The long\u2010term impact of COVID\u201019 on tuberculosis (TB) is concerning. This study assessed whether COVID\u201019 was associated with an increased risk of active TB treatment risk in Japan using a nationwide propensity score\u2013matched cohort design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study used Japan's National Insurance Database from January 2020 to December 2022. COVID\u201019 patients were matched 1:1 with controls using propensity scores based on age, sex, immunosuppressants use, Charlson comorbidity index, related medical conditions, healthcare utilization and prior TB history. The primary outcome was initiation of isoniazid\u2010based therapy plus rifampin with a TB\u2010related ICD\u201010 diagnosis code. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for COVID\u201019's effect on TB treatment initiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After matching, 3,097,422 individuals were included per group. During 8\u2010month median follow\u2010up, 886 participants initiated TB treatment. The HR among COVID\u201019 infected individuals was 4.14 (95% CI: 3.51\u20134.89) versus matched controls. Subgroup analyses showed interaction between prior TB history and COVID\u201019, with HR of 14.7 (5.35\u201340.2) in those with prior TB history, versus those without (HR 3.84, 95% CI 3.24\u20134.54). Risk remained elevated in participants without hospitalization (HR 3.96, 95% CI 3.35\u20134.68).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides robust population\u2010based evidence demonstrating a moderate association between prior COVID\u201019 and subsequent initiation of active tuberculosis treatment, particularly in those with prior TB history.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgf2.70139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T08:47:14Z","timestamp":1780390034000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 as a Potential Trigger for Tuberculosis: Insights From a Large\u2010Scale Japanese Insurance Database 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