{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:59:11Z","timestamp":1790405951327,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gen and Family Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Point\u2010of\u2010care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly used in generalist practice by physicians, nurse practitioners, and nurses. However, the current availability of clinical supervision and preferred supervision models for POCUS remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted an anonymous web\u2010based survey among members of five academic societies related to generalist practice in Japan between April 2024 and March 2025. The target respondents were physicians, nurse practitioners, and nurses. The survey assessed POCUS use in daily clinical practice, current supervision status, preferred supervision models, and previous training experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1056 valid responses were analyzed, including 835 physicians and 221 nurses or nurse practitioners. Overall, 735 respondents (69.6%) reported performing some form of POCUS in daily clinical practice. The most common current supervision status was having no available supervisor inside or outside the facility (36.9%), more common among physicians than among nurses and nurse practitioners (42.2% vs. 17.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Real\u2010time online supervision was reported as the current supervision status by 2.1% of respondents, whereas 56.3% selected it as a preferred model and 79.5% selected continuous in\u2010person supervision; the two items used different response formats (single choice vs. multiple response) and are not directly comparable. Fewer than 40% of respondents had received previous POCUS training, although 77.8% expressed future training needs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>POCUS is widely used in generalist practice in Japan, but clinical supervision remains insufficient. Reported current supervision differed from preferred supervision models, suggesting that real\u2010time online supervision may be a feasible strategy to support safe and sustainable POCUS implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgf2.70180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T04:16:18Z","timestamp":1789791378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Current Gaps in Point\u2010of\u2010Care Ultrasound Supervision in Generalist Practice in Japan: A Nationwide Survey"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4583-364X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toru","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9318-6539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuma","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of R&amp;D Innovation for Home Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Shigetomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Juntendo University Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8750-7098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3447-163X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuji","family":"Ouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8620-5191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suguru","family":"Mabuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7535-5741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Ichige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine (Ibaraki), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7538-3427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toru","family":"Kameda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Medicine Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital  Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumpei","family":"Yoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine Aso Iizuka Hospital  Iizuka Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Kitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine St. Marianna University  Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Diabetes and Endocrinology Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7292-1157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kamijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Shinshu University Hospital  Nagano Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromizu","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Kusama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences  Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6276-6859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine (Ibaraki), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1916062"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2025.105536"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"Point\u2010Of\u2010Care Ultrasonography","volume":"101","author":"Arnold M. J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cem.2015.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colegn.2020.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/58030"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amj.2020.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2014.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101333"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-025-00399-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30454-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OAEM.S304153"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20105821"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.12911"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-024-00384-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurpra.2023.104732"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","unstructured":"K.Takayama \u201cOverview of the 2022 (Reiwa 4) Statistics on Physicians Dentists and Pharmacists: Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare 2022\u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","unstructured":"\u201cList of Board\u2010Certified Specialists and Instructors: Japan Society of Ultrasound in Medicine 2025\u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000004399"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58070960"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","first-page":"66","article-title":"Can You Teach a Hands\u2010On Skill Online? A Scoping Review of e\u2010Learning for Point\u2010Of\u2010Care Ultrasound in Medical Education","volume":"14","author":"Harel\u2010Sterling M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Education Journal"}],"container-title":["Journal of General and Family Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jgf2.70180","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jgf2.70180","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jgf2.70180","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:22:48Z","timestamp":1790403768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jgf2.70180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jgf2.70180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgf2.70180","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2189-7948","2189-7948"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2189-7948","type":"print"},{"value":"2189-7948","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70180"}}