{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T02:53:11Z","timestamp":1782874391460,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMH23HA2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMH23HA2011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gen and Family Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evidence for the pathogenesis and treatment of postacute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) (long COVID) is lacking. As long COVID symptoms are predicted to have an impact on the global economy, clarification of the pathogenesis is urgently needed. Our experiences indicated that some symptoms were complicated by diseases established before the COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a retrospective, cross\u2010sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the diseases complicating long COVID. Using the medical records of patients with confirmed COVID\u201019 exhibiting residual symptoms lasting \u226560\u2009days postinfection who visited our clinic in January 2021\u2013February 2023, we investigated the symptoms and diseases observed. We identified diseases that occurred after COVID\u201019 and excluded those that were exacerbations of existing diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the first visit, the most common symptoms reported in a total of 798 patients were fatigue (523 patients), anxiety (349 patients), and lack of motivation (344 patients). Complicating diseases were observed in 452 patients (57%). There were 115, 65, and 60 patients with postural tachycardia syndrome, postural syndrome without tachycardia, and mood disorders, respectively. Some diseases requiring immediate treatment included pulmonary thromboembolism, purulent shoulder arthritis, cerebellopontine angle tumors, myasthenia gravis, and cervical myelopathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Not all symptoms that occur after COVID\u201019 should be treated as long COVID. Similar to normal medical treatment, a list of differential diagnoses should be maintained based on symptoms to obtain definitive diagnoses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgf2.716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T08:55:35Z","timestamp":1720428935000},"page":"324-332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of diseases complicating long <scp>COVID<\/scp>: A retrospective chart review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8517-3941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoya","family":"Tsuchida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine  Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Hirose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine  Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotoshi","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine  Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryunosuke","family":"Hisatomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ochsner LSU Health Shreveport Family Medicine Resident  Alexandria Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4313-6592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kosuke","family":"Ishizuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine Yokohama City University School of Medicine  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine  Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8076-7188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohta","family":"Katayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine  Kawasaki Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Nakagama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology &amp; Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Metropolitan University  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Metropolitan University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasutoshi","family":"Kido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology &amp; Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Metropolitan University  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Metropolitan University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahide","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine  Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Ohira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine  Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng191\/resources\/covid19\u2010rapid\u2010guideline\u2010managing\u2010covid19\u2010pdf\u201051035553326. Accessed 13 Oct 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Long COVID or post\u2010COVID conditions.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019\u2010ncov\/long\u2010term\u2010effects\/index.html. Accessed Jan 8 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473\u20103099(21)00703\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(23)00810\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579\u2010022\u201000846\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010022\u201001909\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11020269"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913\u2010023\u201009601\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21641846.2022.2124064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194\u2010022\u201001450\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp\u20102021\u2010328516"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201055526\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286\u2010011\u20100119\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2019.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.860198"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026\u2010021\u201009185\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238\u2010023\u201001057\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13102818.2023.2170829"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12113791"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15121574"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/lungindia.lungindia_250_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283758"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890\u2010024\u201002937\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024211068074"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.884002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ves\u2010170622"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2022.2102978"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v11.i6.485"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13111850"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2021\u20100522"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201036223\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27940"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20064918"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100958"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213\u20102600(23)00414\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010023\u201002521\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases.https:\/\/www.niid.go.jp\/niid\/images\/epi\/corona\/68\/covid19_vaccine_20220121.pdfAccessed 1 June 2024."}],"container-title":["Journal of General and Family Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jgf2.716","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T09:13:45Z","timestamp":1731662025000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jgf2.716"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jgf2.716"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgf2.716","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2189-7948","2189-7948"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2189-7948","type":"print"},{"value":"2189-7948","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}