{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T21:57:06Z","timestamp":1719957426582},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGH Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Standard treatment for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) consists of predniso(lo)ne and azathioprine. However, alternative therapy is required for non\u2010 or partial responders and in cases of side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes associated with chloroquine plus prednisone in AIH patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010seven patients were recruited to receive either azathioprine or chloroquine, both with prednisone, in a randomized trial. The primary end\u2010point was complete remission, based on normalization of aminotransferase levels in the first 6 months of treatment plus maintenance for at least 18\u2009months, with minimal or no inflammatory activity in the liver biopsy. Secondary end\u2010points were partial and nonresponse, severe side effects, and treatment withdrawal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were no differences between groups regarding clinical, serological, histological, and treatment characteristics at baseline. There were no significant differences in the biochemical response rate (67.7 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 53.8%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.41) or the complete remission rate (32.26 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 15.38%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.217). However, despite the long study period, the sample size was smaller than that required for a noninferiority study. The mean prednisone dose was similar in both groups. There was a nonsignificantly higher rate of adverse effects and a tendency toward improvement in glycemic and cholesterol profiles in the chloroquine group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.09 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.07, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The combination of chloroquine and prednisone exhibited potentially beneficial effects in AIH patients (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>: NCT02463331).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T07:45:24Z","timestamp":1568101524000},"page":"371-377","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy and safety of chloroquine plus prednisone for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in a randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Lydia","family":"T de Moraes Falc\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hospital das Clinicas, University of S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medicine  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debora R B","family":"Terrabuio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hospital das Clinicas, University of S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medicine  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcio A","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"da Silva 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