{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:19:23Z","timestamp":1790144363792,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]],"date-time":"2019-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGH Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastric varices (GVs) occur in 10\u201330% of liver cirrhotic patients, with a mortality rate of up to 45%. Rupture of isolated GVs (IGVs) is less prevalent but often results in more severe hemorrhage and a higher risk of mortality than rupture of esophageal varices (EVs). However, there is no clear consensus yet about the optimal management for incidentally discovered IGVs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the clinical significance of IGVs in liver cirrhotic patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort endoscopy database study within a 2\u2010year period (2016\u20132017). All study subjects were liver cirrhotic patients with OVs or GVs. The exclusion criteria were noncirrhotic portal hypertension, presence of malignancy, absence of varices, and incomplete data. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 23.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 153 patients were included in this study. IGVs were found in 13 (8.49%) patients, whereas OVs were found in 112 (73.20%) patients and gastro\u2010OVs were found in 28 (18.30%) patients. Child\u2010Pugh class C (CP C) score was the strongest independent risk factor for variceal bleeding in bivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR]: 10.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.15\u201325.12, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) and multivariate analysis (HR: 12.49, 95% CI: 4.95\u201331.54, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> 0.001); however, the presence of IGVs was not an independent risk factor. CP C score was also the only significant risk factor associated with 1\u2010year mortality in liver cirrhotic patients on multivariate analysis (HR: 26.77, 95% CI: 6.01\u2013119.34, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of IGVs has no clinical significance in the occurrence of 1\u2010year rebleeding and in patient survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]],"date-time":"2019-12-28T09:41:32Z","timestamp":1577526092000},"page":"511-518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Clinical significance of isolated gastric varices in liver cirrhotic patients: A single\u2010referral\u2010centre retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9992-9968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosmas Rinaldi A","family":"Lesmana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital Universitas Indonesia  Jakarta Indonesia"},{"name":"Digestive Disease &amp; GI Oncology Centre Medistra Hospital  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kemal F","family":"Kalista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital Universitas Indonesia  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Sandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital Universitas Indonesia  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irsan","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital Universitas Indonesia  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andri Sanityoso","family":"Sulaiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital Universitas Indonesia  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juferdy","family":"Kurniawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital Universitas Indonesia  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chyntia O M","family":"Jasirwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital Universitas Indonesia  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saut H","family":"Nababan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital Universitas Indonesia  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mutiara","family":"Lirendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital Universitas Indonesia  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gita","family":"Aprilicia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital Universitas Indonesia  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rino A","family":"Gani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital Universitas Indonesia  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/gox024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160607"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-1995.172990"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28906"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.24116"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/gox007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"433","article-title":"Portal hemodynamics in patients with gastric varices. 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