{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:46:26Z","timestamp":1792622786869,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGH Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk factors associated with the increase in prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are not consistent across countries and there have been few studies in Asia in the past 10\u2009years. This study was conducted to assess the features and risk factors of GERD in Vietnamese patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted on 1947 out\u2010patients \u226518\u2009years of age who were presented with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Reflux esophagitis was graded according to the Los Angeles classification. Endoscopically suspected Barrett's esophagus (BE) was recorded according to the Prague C and M criteria and biopsy was taken for histologic examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 511 (26.2%) patients with GERD, 242 (47.4%) with nonerosive reflux disease, and 269 (52.6%) with reflux esophagitis and\/or BE. Epigastric pain, regurgitation, and heartburn were the chief complaints in 36.8%, 27.0%, and 9.2% of patients, respectively. Most of the patients with mucosal injury had reflux esophagitis in mild grade and BE in the form of C0M \u22642 (99.6%, 231\/232 and 97.8%, 46\/47, respectively). In multivariate analysis, hiatal hernia, male gender, waist\u2010to\u2010hip ratio (independent from general obesity), and smoking were risk factors for GERD while <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> infection was negatively associated with GERD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of GERD patients had none or mild mucosal injury. Typical reflux symptoms, however, may not be the chief complaints. Central obesity would be more important than general obesity as a risk factor, while <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection was a <jats:italic>\u201cprotective\u201d<\/jats:italic> factor for GERD in Vietnamese patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T11:39:48Z","timestamp":1616758788000},"page":"580-584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Clinical characteristics and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Vietnamese patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0141-921X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duc T","family":"Quach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Hochiminh City  Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Endoscopy University Medical Center  Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Gia\u2010Dinh's People Hospital  Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quyen T T","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Cho\u2010Ray Hospital  Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Truc L T","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endoscopy University Medical Center  Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nhu T H","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Hochiminh City  Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Endoscopy University Medical Center  Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quang D","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Hochiminh City  Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Endoscopy University Medical Center  Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Gia\u2010Dinh's People Hospital  Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doan T N","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Hochiminh City  Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Endoscopy University Medical Center  Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngoc L B","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endoscopy University Medical Center  Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huy M","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endoscopy University Medical Center  Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Pathology University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Hochiminh City  Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nhan Q","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endoscopy University Medical Center  Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30408-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62795-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"118","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux disease: an emerging disease in Asia","volume":"2","author":"Goh KL","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm.2011.17.1.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05684.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2000.02148.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","article-title":"Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Dynamics","author":"United Nations","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Popul Prospects"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000021791"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Waist circumference and waist\u2013hip ratio: Report of a WHO expert consultation Geneva 8\u201011 December 2008. 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