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A shared etiology of these syndromes has been proposed because of their shared symptomatology and triggering by infections. Antibodies against the bacterial antigens cytolethal distending toxin B (CdtB) and flagellin have been proposed to be biomarkers of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), especially diarrhea\u2010predominant IBS (IBS\u2010D). It is unknown if they may also be associated with comorbid conditions such as CFS. On the other hand, elevated level of B\u2010cell activating factor (BAFF) has been associated with CFS and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and subjective food intolerance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated serum levels of anti\u2010flagellin and anti\u2010CdtB using an in\u2010house enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and BAFF with a commercially available ELISA kit in a cohort of patients who developed fatigue syndromes and\/or FGIDs after <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> infection, by comparing them with healthy controls without these conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We did not find significant differences in circulating BAFF, anti\u2010CdtB, or anti\u2010flagellin antibody levels in these patient groups compared to healthy controls. Therefore, our results do not support a role for BAFF, anti\u2010CdtB, or anti\u2010flagellin antibodies as universal biomarkers for IBS or CFS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>BAFF, anti\u2010CdtB, or anti\u2010flagellin antibodies cannot be considered as universal biomarkers for IBS or CFS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T06:33:50Z","timestamp":1647326030000},"page":"185-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["No difference in serum levels of B\u2010cell activating receptor and antibodies against cytolethal distending toxin B and flagellin in post\u2010infectious irritable bowel syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome after <i>Giardia<\/i> infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1466-2326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kurt","family":"Hanevik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Tropical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0836-7889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Saghaug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Tropical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen 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